Chapter 14 Physics

Front 1

Temperature

Back 1

A measure of the average translational kinetci energy per molecule in a substance, measured in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in kelvins

Front 2

Absolute zero

Back 2

the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have - the temperature at which molecues of the substance have their minimum kinetic energy.

Front 3

Heat

Back 3

The energy that flows from a substance of higher temperature to a substance of lower temperature, commonly measured in calories or joules.

Front 4

Internal energy

Back 4

The total of all molecular energies, kinetic plus potential, that are internal to a substance

Front 5

Specific heat capacity

Back 5

The quantity of heat epr unit mass required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 celsius degree

Front 6

What are the temperatures for freezing water on teh Celsius and Fahrenheit scales? For boiling water?

Back 6

for celsius, a measurement using 100, centi, freezing is at 0 and 100 is when water boils,
For farenheit, only used in the Us, the temp of water freezing is 32 and boiling is 212.

Front 7

What are the temperatures for freezing water and boiling water on the Kelvin temperature scale?

Back 7

For Kelvin they don't use freezing and boiling as its benchmark but energy itself. There are no negative numbers because it goes to absolute 0

Front 8

HEAT
When you touch a cold surface, does cold travel from the surface to your hand or does energy travel from your hand to the cold surface? Explain

Back 8

energy passes out of your hand and into the colder ice, because the direction of spontaneous energy transfer is always from the warmer thing to it's neighboring cooler things

Front 9

Distinguish between temperature and heat.

Back 9

heat is energy in transit from a body of higher temperature to one of lower temperature.While temperature is a measure of energy

Front 10

Distinguish between heat and internal energy.

Back 10

Internal energy is the grand total of alll energies inside a substance. A substance does not contain heat but internal energy

Front 11

What determines the direction of heat flow?

Back 11

the temperature difference and the amount of material between two substances

Front 12

Specific Heat Capacity
Which warms up faster when heat is applied- iron or silver?

Back 12

Silver

Front 13

Does a substance that heats up quickly have high or low specific heat capacity?

Back 13

It has a low specific heat capacity.

Front 14

How does specific heat of water compare to the specific heats of other common materials?

Back 14

It is higher and is therefore used as a cooling agent

Front 15

Northeastern Canada and much of Europe receive about the same amount of sunlight per unit area. Why then is Europe generally warmer in the winter?

Back 15

Because there is so much water surrounding Europe the temperature takes a long time to change from the warmth of the summer to cold in the winter.

Front 16

Expansion
Why will hot water poured into a drinking glass be more likely to break the glass if the glass is thick?

Back 16

If one part of a piece of glass is heated or cooled more rapidly than adjacent parts, the expansion or contraction that results may break the glass. This is expansion or contraction that results may break the glass.

Front 17

How can a bimetallic strip be used to regulate temperature?

Back 17

The back and forth bending of the bimetallic coil opens and closes an electric circuit. When the room becomes too cold, the coil bends toward teh brass side and in doing so activates an electrical switch that turns on the heat.

Front 18

Which generally expands more for an equal increase in temperature --solids or liquids?

Back 18

Liquids expand appreciably with increases in temperature. In most cases the expansion of liquids is greater than the expansion of solids

Front 19

Expansion of water
When the temperature of ice-cold water is increased slightly, does it undergo a net expansion or net contraction?

Back 19

As the water is heated and its temperature rises it continues to contract until it reaches a temperature of 4 degrees

Front 20

What is the reason for ice being less dense than water?

Back 20

Ice has a crystalline structure and arranges in a such a way the angular shape of the water molecules and the fact that the forces binding water molecules together are strongest at certain angles. Water molecules in this open structure occupy a greater volume than they do in the liquid state.

Front 21

What happens to the amount of microscopic slush in cold water when its temperature is increased

Back 21

They have momentary life spans, some break while others form when the temperature reaches 10 degrees celsius all the ice crystals have collapsed.

Front 22

Why does ice form at the surface of a body of water instead of at the bottom?

Back 22

Consider a pond that is initially at, say 10 degrees celsius. It cannot possibly be cooled to 0 degrees celsius without first being cooled to 4 degrees. And water at 4 degrees celsius cannot remain at the surface for further cooling unless all the water below has at least an equal density - that is, unless all the water below is at 4 degrees celsius. Any surface water at 4 celcius will be denser and will sink before it can be further cooled. So before any ice can form, all the water in a pond must be cooled to 4 degrees celsius. Only when this condition is met can the sufrace water be cooled to 3 2 1 and 0 degrees celsius. Then ice can form.