Chapter 14 Immunology

Front 1

Apoptosis

Back 1

Programmed death of "self" cells that does not cause inflammation

Front 2

Complement System

Back 2

Series of blood and tissue fluids that can be activated to help destroy and remove invading microbes.

Front 3

Innate Immunity

Back 3

Host defenses involving barriers, sensor systems that recogize patterns, phagocytic cells, and inlammatory response.

Front 4

Magrophage

Back 4

type of phagocytic cell that resides in the tissues and hs multiple roles including scavenging debris, and producing inflammatory cytokines.

Front 5

Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

Back 5

Complement system components that assemble to form pores in membranes or invading cells.

Front 6

Opsonization

Back 6

coating an object with molecules for which phagocytes have receptors for, making it easier for phagocytosis to occur.

Front 7

Phagocyte

Back 7

A cell type that specializes in engulfing and digesting microbes and debris.

Front 8

Phagocytosis

Back 8

the process by which a phagocyte engulfs an invader.

Front 9

First-Line defenses

Back 9

prevent entry

Front 10

sensor systems

Back 10

detect invasion

Front 11

effector mechanisms

Back 11

destroy and remove the invader.

Front 12

Pattern Recognition Receptors

Back 12

Receptors on the surface of some cells that allows them to detect invaders and send a chemical signal to the hosts defense cells.

Front 13

The complement system is activated________

Back 13

in response to certain invaders.

Front 14

The Inflammatory response involves______

Back 14

many components of innate immunity, including Phagocytes.

Front 15

Physical Barriers

Back 15

The Skin is composed two main layers- the dermis and epidermis. Mucous membranes are constantly bathed with mucus/other secretions that help wash microbes from the surfaces.

Front 16

Antimicrobial Subtances

Back 16

Inhibit or kill microorganisms.

Front 17

• Lysozyme
  
• Peroxidase Enzymes
• Lactoferrin
• Defensins

Are classified as______

Back 17

Antimicrobial Substances

Front 18

Normal Microbiota (Flora)

Back 18

Members of the Normal Microbiota competitively exclude pathogens and stimulate the host defenses.

Front 19

Monocytes circulate______

Back 19

in the blood

Front 20

Macrophages are in____

Back 20

Tissues

Front 21

Dendritic cells

Back 21

develop from monocytes; some have other origins

Front 22

Types of Lymphocytes

Back 22

• B Cells
  
• T Cells
• Natural Killers Cells (NK)

Front 23

Lymphocytes are involved in what type of Immunity?

Back 23

Adaptive Immunity

Front 24

_______bind______, allowing the cell to detect substances.

Back 24

Surface receptors bind Ligands

Front 25

________allow cells to adhere to other cells

Back 25

Adhesion Molecules

Front 26

Toll-Like receptors (TLRs)

Back 26

allow sentinel cells to detect extracellular molecules that signify the presence of microbes

Front 27

NOD-like receptors (NLRs)

Back 27

allow cells to detect internal invadors or cell damage

Front 28

RIG-like receptors (RLRs)

Back 28

allow cells to detect viral nuceic acid. Virally infected cells respond by making interferons, causing nearby cells to prepare to undergo apoptosis if they become infected.

Front 29

Complement system activation

Back 29

detects microbial cells and antibodies bound to antigens, and is activated in response

Front 30

Effector functions of the Complement system

Back 30

opsinization

Front 31

regulation of the complement system

Back 31

complement regulatory proteins prevent host cell surfaces from activating the complement system via the alternative pathway.

Front 32

1. phagosome maturation and phagolysosome formation
2. recognition
3. exocytosis
4. engulfment
   
5. Chemotaxis
6. destruction and digestion
7. attachment

Identify the Process and Correct the Order.....

Back 32

Phagocytosis

5,2,7,4,1,6,3

Front 33

_____is the bodies attempt to contain a site of damage, localize the response, eliminate the invader and restore tissue function.

Back 33

Inflammation

Front 34

Factors that trigger an Inflammatory response

Back 34

Initiated when microbes are detected by TLRs, NLRs, or the complement system, or when tissue damage occurs.

Front 35

Inflammatory process

Back 35

results in dialation of small blood vessels, leakage of fluids from those vessels, and movement of leukocytes from the bloodstream into the tissues

Front 36

_______Inflammation is marked by the prevelence of neutrophils

Back 36

Acute

Front 37

_____Inflammation is characterized by macrophage and giant cell accumulation, and granuloma formation.

Back 37

Chronic

Front 38

Lysozyme does which of the following..

A) Disrupts cell membranes

B) Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan

C) Waterproofs skin

D) Propels gastrointestinal contents

E) Propels the cilia of the respiratory tract

Back 38

B) Hydrolyzes peptidoglycan

Front 39

The Hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow can become which of the following cells...

A) Red Blood cells

B) T Cells

C) B Cells

D) Monocyte

E) Macrophage

Back 39

A,B,C,D,E, all are correct

Front 40

TLRs are triggered by all of the following except

A) peptidoglycan

B) glycolysis enzymes

C) lipopolysaccharide

D) flagellin

E) certain nucleotide sequences

Back 40

B) Glycolysis Enzymes

Front 41

The Direct/Immediate action of interferon on a cell is to...

Back 41

Stimulate the synthesis of inactive "suicide enzymes"