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230 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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heart
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the organ of circulation of the blood
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atrium
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one of the two upper chamers of the heart
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ventricle
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one of the two lower chambers of the heart
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apex
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the pointed end of the heart
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tricuspid
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having three points or cusps, situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle
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pulmonary semilunar
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pertaining to the lung and resembling a crescent valve
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mitral
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shaped like a miter, also called bicuspid valve
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aortic
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located between the left ventricle and the aorta
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septum
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a dividing wall between the right and left sides of the heart
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myocardium
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middle, thickest layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle
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pericardium
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the fibroserous sac enclosing the heart
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endocardium
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lining membrane of the heart's cavities
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epicardium
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the visceral pericardium
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sinoatrial node
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atypical muscle fibers at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium
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atrioventricular node
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purkinje fibers beneath the endocardium of the right atrium in the septum
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bundle of His
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cardiac muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles of the heart
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circulation
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movement in circuitous course
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pulmonary
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movement of blood through the lungs ad the pulmonary artery
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systemic
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pertaining to movement of the blood to the body as a whole
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portal
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circulation of blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen through the portal vein to the liver
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valves
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a membrane in a passage to prevent backward flow
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artery
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a vessel in which blood flows away from the heart, carrying oxygenated blood
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aorta
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the great artery arising from the left ventricle
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coronary arteries
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arteries from the base of the aorta that supply the heart muscle with blood
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vein
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a vessel in which blood flows toward the ehart carrying blood with little oxygen
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vena cava
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largest vein
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capillary
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a minute, hairlike vessel connecting arterioles and venules
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red blood cells
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one of the formed elements in peripheral blood
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white blood cells
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colorless blood corpuscles capable of amoeboid movement
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granulocytes
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any cells containing granules, especially a granular leukocyte
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neutrophils
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having a nucleus with three to five lobes and cytoplasm containing very fine granules
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eosinophils
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having a nucleus with two lobes and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules
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basophils
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any structure cells staining readily with basic dyes
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agranulocytes
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nongranular leukocytes, produced by the spleen and lymph nodes
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lymphocytes
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participate in immunity
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neutrophils
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having a nucleus with three to five lobes and cytoplasm containing very fine granules
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monocytes
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destroy foreign invaders in the body
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eosinophils
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having a nucleus with two lobes and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules
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fibrinogen
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promotes blood clotting
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basophils
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any structure cells staining readily with basic dyes
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thrombocytes
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blood platelets
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agranulocytes
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nongranular leukocytes, produced by the spleen and lymph nodes
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plasma
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the fluid portion of the blood or lymph, without the cells, amber-colored
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lymphocytes
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participate in immunity
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serum
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the clear portion of the lbood separated from solid elements
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monocytes
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destroy foreign invaders in the body
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fibrinogen
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promotes blood clotting
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thrombocytes
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blood platelets
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plasma
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the fluid portion of the blood or lymph, without the cells, amber-colored
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serum
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the clear portion of the lbood separated from solid elements
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neutrophils
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having a nucleus with three to five lobes and cytoplasm containing very fine granules
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eosinophils
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having a nucleus with two lobes and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules
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basophils
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any structure cells staining readily with basic dyes
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agranulocytes
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nongranular leukocytes, produced by the spleen and lymph nodes
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lymphocytes
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participate in immunity
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monocytes
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destroy foreign invaders in the body
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fibrinogen
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promotes blood clotting
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thrombocytes
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blood platelets
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plasma
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the fluid portion of the blood or lymph, without the cells, amber-colored
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serum
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the clear portion of the lbood separated from solid elements
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platelet
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a disk-shaped structure in the blood, for blood coagulation
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reticulocytes
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immature red blood cells, in the bone marrow
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Landsteiner types
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refers to the type of red blood cell: A,B, AB, O
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universal donor
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a person with group O blood
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universal recipient
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able to recevie blood of any type; group AB
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type and crossmatch
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determination of the co patibility of the bllood of a donor and that of a recipient before trransfusion by placing the donor's cells in the recipient's serum and the recipient's cells in the donor's serum
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Rh factors
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a genetically determined antigen, present on the surface of erythrocytes
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hypertension
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persistently high arterial blood pressure
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sphygmomanometer
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an instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure
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systolic pressure
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the contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially the ventricles
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diastolic pressure
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the dilation or the period of dilation of the heart, especially of the ventricles
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normal BP
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an acceptable range for systolic pressure is less than or equal to 120 and for diastolic less than 80
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anemia
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reduction below normal of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood
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aneurysm
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a sac formed by localized dilation of an artery or vein
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angina pectoris
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pain in the chest, caused by decreased supply of oxygen to the heart muscle
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arrhythmia
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variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat
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arteriosclerosis
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thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls, slowing the flow of blood
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asystole
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cardiac standstill
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atherosclerosis
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a form of arteriosclerosis in which ffats are deposited on arterial walls
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cardiac arrest
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cessation of heart function
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coarctation
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stricture or narrowing of a vessel
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congenital defects
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defects present at birth
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cyanosis
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dark, slightly bluish discoloration of the skin due to reduced hemoglobin in the blood
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patent ductus arteriosus
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birth defect
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tetralogy of Fallot
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birth defect consisting of pulmonic stenosi, interventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle, and transposition of the aorta
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congestive heart failure
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defective blood pumping system, marked by breathlessness and abnormal retention of sodium and water
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embolism
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the sudden blocking of an artery by an embolus
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embolus
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a foreign object brought by the blood and forced into a smaller vessel, thus obstructing the circulation
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endocaridits
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exudative and proliferative inflammation of the endocardium
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fibrillation
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a small, local, involuntary muscular contraction, caused by spontaneous activation of single muscle cells or muscle fibers
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coronary thrombosis
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thrombosis of a coronary arter, often leaing to myocardial infarction
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infarction
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a localized area of ischemic necrosis owing to occlusion of the arterial supply
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myocardial infarction
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gross necrosis of the myocardium, caused by decreased blood supply to the area
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occlusion
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obstruction, a closing off of the coronary arteries, leading to a heart attack
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heart block
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impairment of conduction in heart excitation
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heart murmur
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an auscultatory sound
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hemophilia
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a hereditary hemorrhagic condition caused by lack of one or more clotting factors
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Hodgkin's disease
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painless progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, splee, and lymphoid tissue
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hypertension
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persistently high arterial blood pressure
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ischemia
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deficiency of blood in a part
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leukemia
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a malignant disease of the blood-forming organs
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mycarditis
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inflammation of the myocardium
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pericarditis
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inflammation ofthe pericardium
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plaque
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a deposit of fatty material in the artery
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rheumatic heart disease
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the most important manifestation and sequel to theumatic fever, consisting chiefly of valvular deformities
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stroke
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a sudden and acute vascular lesion of the brain caused by hemorrhage, embolism, thrombosis, or rupturing blood vessels
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thrombophelbitis
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inflamation of a vein associated with thrombus formation
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transient ischemic attack
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brief interruption of circulation to a portion of the brain owing to vascular spasm, causing temporary loss of function
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varicose veins
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a dilated, tortuous vein, usually in the leg, caused by a defective venous valve
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angiography
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x-ray technique using aninjectedc contrast medium to visualize the heart and blood vessels
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angioplasty
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surgical or percutaneous reconstruction of blood vessels
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balloon angioplasty
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insertion of a bloon to dilate a vessel
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anticoagulant
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any substance that removes or prevents blood clotting
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antihypertensive drug
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a drug that reduces or eliminates high blood pressure
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auscultation
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the act of listening for sounds within the body chiefly to ascertain the condition of the throacic or abdominal viscera
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bradycardia
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slowness of the heartbeat
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bypass
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a surgically created route to circumvent the normal path
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cardiac catheterization
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a long, fine catheter is navigated through a peripheral blood vessel into the chambers of the heart using x-ray visualization as a guide
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cardiac enzyme test
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tests on drawn blood samples to determine if there is damage to the myocardial muscle
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collateral circulation
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circulation by secondary channels after obstruction of the principal channel supplying the heart
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commissurotomy
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surgical incision of a defective heart valve to increase the size of the orifice
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computed axial tomography
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diagnostic x-ray technique that uses ionizing radiation to produce cross-section images of the body
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coronary artery bypass graft
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use of a leg vein or synthetic material to substitute for an occluded artery in the heart
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digitalize
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to administer digitalis in a dosage schedule designed to produce and then maintain optimal heart contraction with nominal side effects
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diuretic
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an agent that promotes removal of excess intersitial fluid and results in increased urine secretion
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Doppler
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a device for measuring blood flow that transmits and reflects sound waves
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dyscrasia
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any abnormal condition of the blood
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echocardiography
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diagnostic procedure using ultrasound waves to study the structure and motion of the heart and to detect changes in some heart disorders
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electrocardiogram
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the record produced by electrocardiography
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endarterectomy
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excision of thickened areas of the innermost coat of an artery to increase blood flow
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exercise stress test
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test widely used to assess cardiac function by means of subjecting the patient to controlled amounts of physical stress, such as the treadmill, pedaling a stationary bike, or climbing stairs
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hemoglobin
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the oxygen-carrying pigment of the red blood cells
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heparin
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a substance that counteracts blood clotting, existing both as a natural substance in the blood and as a drug
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Holter monitor
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a portable device for monitoring blood pressure or heart/respiratory rate
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low-salt diet
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common term for a diet low in sodium content to reduced body-water level
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lumen
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the cavity or channel within a tube
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magnetic resonance imaging
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noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields and radiofreuency waves to produce images of soft tissue, heart, blood vessels, and brain
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pacemaker
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that which sets the pace at which a phenomenon occurs
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phlebotomy
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incision of a vein
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positron emission tomography
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computerized x-ray technique using radioactive substances, which are given by injection, to measure blood flow and metabolic activity of the heart and blood vessels
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PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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dilation of a blood vessel by means of a balloon catheter inserted through the skin and into the chosen vessel and then passed through the lumen of the vessel to the site of the lesion, where the balloon is inflated to flatten plaque against the artery wall
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serum lipid test
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tests on drawn blood samples to measure the amount of cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein substances in the blood
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sinus rhythym
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the normal heart rhythym originating in the sinoatrial node
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PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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dilation of a blood vessel by means of a balloon catheter inserted through the skin and into the chosen vessel and then passed through the lumen of the vessel to the site of the lesion, where the balloon is inflated to flatten plaque against the artery wall
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tachycardia
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abnormally rapid heart rate
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serum lipid test
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tests on drawn blood samples to measure the amount of cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein substances in the blood
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thallium stress test
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thallium injections are given intravenously in conjunction with the stress test to determine if there are changes in coronary blood flow during exercise
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PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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dilation of a blood vessel by means of a balloon catheter inserted through the skin and into the chosen vessel and then passed through the lumen of the vessel to the site of the lesion, where the balloon is inflated to flatten plaque against the artery wall
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sinus rhythym
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the normal heart rhythym originating in the sinoatrial node
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thrombolysis
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injection of a drug to dissolve a blood clot and restore blood flow in the coronary artery to prevent heart damage during a heart attack
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serum lipid test
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tests on drawn blood samples to measure the amount of cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein substances in the blood
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tachycardia
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abnormally rapid heart rate
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vasodilator
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an agent that dilates blood vessels
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sinus rhythym
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the normal heart rhythym originating in the sinoatrial node
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thallium stress test
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thallium injections are given intravenously in conjunction with the stress test to determine if there are changes in coronary blood flow during exercise
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tachycardia
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abnormally rapid heart rate
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vasopressor
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an agent that constricts blood vessels
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thrombolysis
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injection of a drug to dissolve a blood clot and restore blood flow in the coronary artery to prevent heart damage during a heart attack
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venipuncture
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puncture of a vein iwth a needle to withdraw blood or infuse fluid
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thallium stress test
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thallium injections are given intravenously in conjunction with the stress test to determine if there are changes in coronary blood flow during exercise
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vasodilator
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an agent that dilates blood vessels
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ALL
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acute lymphocytic leukemia
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thrombolysis
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injection of a drug to dissolve a blood clot and restore blood flow in the coronary artery to prevent heart damage during a heart attack
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vasopressor
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an agent that constricts blood vessels
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vasodilator
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an agent that dilates blood vessels
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venipuncture
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puncture of a vein iwth a needle to withdraw blood or infuse fluid
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ALL
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acute lymphocytic leukemia
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vasopressor
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an agent that constricts blood vessels
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venipuncture
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puncture of a vein iwth a needle to withdraw blood or infuse fluid
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ALL
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acute lymphocytic leukemia
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AMI
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acute myocardial infarction
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AML
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acute myeloblastic leukemia
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ASD
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aterial septal defect
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ASHD
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ateriosclerotic heart disease
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BASO
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basophil
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BBB
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bundle branch block
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BP
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blood pressure
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CABG
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coronary artery bypass graft
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CBC
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complete blood count
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CCU
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coronary care unit
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CHF
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congestive heart failure
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CO2
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carbon dioxide
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CPR
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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CVA
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cerebrovascular accident
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DOE
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dyspnea on exertion
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DVT
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deep vein thrombosis
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ECG
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electrocardiogram
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ECHO
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echocardiogram
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Eos
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eosinophil
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HDL
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high-density lipoprotein
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LDL
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low-density lipoprotein
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Lymph
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lymphocyte
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MI
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myocardial infarction
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Mono
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monocyte
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imaging
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MVP
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mitral valve prolapse
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O2
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oxygen
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PMI
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point of maximal impulse
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PMN
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polymorphonuclear
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PTCA
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percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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PVC
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premature ventricular contractions
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RBC
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red blood cell
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SA
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sinoatrial
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Segs
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white blood cells with segmented nuclei
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TIA
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transient ischemic attack
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VSD
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ventricular septal defect
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VT
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ventricular tachycardia
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WBC
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white blood cell
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adenoids
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masses of lymph tissue near the opening into the pharynx
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antibodies
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substances produced by the body in response to foreign organisms
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capillaries
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smalles of the lymph vessels
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ducts
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the larges of the lymph vessels
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fluid
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interstitial fluid in the lymph vessels
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nodes
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collections of lymphatic tissue
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lymphocytes
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leukocytes originating from stem cells and developing in the bone marrow
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macrophage
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large cell involved in defending against inection
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phagocytes
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cells that engulf and destroy bacteria
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spleen
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large organ located behind the stomach that filters blood to remove pathogens and serves as a blood reservoir
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T cells
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important part of the immune response
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thymus gland
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endocrine gland tha stiumlates red bone marrow to produce T lymphocytes
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tonsils
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three masses of lymphatic tissue that help protect against harmful substances from gaining entry through the mouth and nose
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carinii pneumonia
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pneumonia caused by a common worldwide parasite to which most people have a natural immunity
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hypersplenism
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enlargement of the spleen
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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malignant tumor of the blood vessels associated with AIDS
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lymphadenopathy
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any disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels
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lymphoma
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malignant tumor of the lymph nodes and lymph tissue
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mononeucleosis
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benign self-limiting acute infection of B lymphocytes usually caused by Epstein-Barr virus
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pneumonocystic pneumonia
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a rare form of pneumonia in AIDS patients
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sarcoidosis
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a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by small rounded elsions forming on the spleen, lymph nodes, and other organs
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sarcoma
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a malignant neoplasm of the connective and supportive tissues of the body
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