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86 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What detects the changes in the blood concentration of glucose, oxygen, and hydrogen
Chemoreceptors
What are proprioreceptors involved in detecting
Changes in Tension in Muscles and Tendons
What somatic receptor is involved in detecting heavy pressure
Pacinian Corpuscles
What are the 2 main kinds of stretch receptors or proprioreceptors that transmit information to the spinal cord and brain about muscle tension and length
Muscle Spindle and Golgi Tendon Organs
Which receptor detects an increase in tension in a muscle
Golgi Tendon Organ
Which receptor detects lengthening or stretching of a muscle
Muscle Spindle
What are proprioreceptors
Sensory receptors that are stimulated by the position of the body or its parts
What combination of general senses depends on mechanoreceptors
Pressure and Proprioreception
What do exteroreceptors provide information about
The body's external environment
Which type of sensory nerve endings is involved in detecting changes in temparature
Free Nerve Endings
Which deep nerve endings detect deep pressure and consists of a single nerve process surround by a capsule layered like an onion
Pacinian Corpuscle
What nerve endings are found in the skin
1) Pacinian Corpuscle
2) Ruffini's Corpuscle
3) Tactile Discs
What receptor is involved in sensing a tick crawling up your arm
Hair Follicle Receptors
The neuron of the spinothalamic system that ascends within the spinal cord and carries sensory information from a dorsal horn to the thalamus is designated a
Secondary Neuron
What is the neuron of the spinothalamic system that sends impulses from the thalamus to the somatic sensory cortex designated as
Tertiary Neuron
In which ascending pathway or tract do the secondary neurons decussate within the spinal cord
Spinothalamic Tracts
Where do the decussation of the ascending spinal pathway occur
Spinal Cord
Medulla Oblongata
Where are fasciculus gracilis on each side of the spinal cord located
Dorsal Column
The fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus are both tracts of what pathway
Dorsal Column
Medial Lemniscal System
Where is the posterior spinocerebellular tract in each half of the spinal cord located in
The Lateral column
Where do ascending tracts of the spinal cord occur in
The columns
Which of the spinal cord ascending tracts conveys sensory information about which we become consciously aware
Spinothalamic
Where is the primary somatic sensory cortex located in
The Postcentral Gyrus
An injury to the lateral portion of the postcentral gyrus in the right hemisphere would result in some loss of sensation in the
Left Facial Area
What is the Medial Meniscus
A tract of nerve fibers that conveys sensory signals to the thalamus
Sensory information on its way from the hand to the cerebral cortex would pass through what structures in what sequence
1) Spinal Cord
2) Medulla Oblongata
3) Pons
4) Midbrain
5) Thalamus
If the lateral spinothalamus tract is cut, what sensation would be absent on the opposite side below the incision
Pain and Temperature
What tract conducts sensory impulses for pain and temperature from various levels of the spinal cord to the thalamus
Lateral Spinothalamic Tracts
Severing what part of the sphinothalamic tract would result in pain impulses from the right side being blocked
Left Lateral
True or False

Spinothalamic Tract - 2 Point Discrimination is correctly paired
False
You touch a hot object, the signal reaches the thalamus but the sensation of hot is not perceived. What transmits the signal to an intact postcentral gyrus
1) Primary Neuron
2) Receptor
3) Secondary Neuron
You stick yourself with a pin but a signal is not transmitted to the thalamus. What is Not involved in your failure to perceive the pain
Tertiary Neuron
True or False

The cutaneous information detected below the head results in signals that always decussate in the medulla oblongata to reach the cerebral hemisphere on the opposite side
False
Where are sensory areas for vision located in
The Occipital Bone
Where do sensations of temperature, touch, pressure, and pain occur in
The Postcentral Gyrus of each Parietal Lobe
Somatic sensory signals are routed to what area
Postcentral Gyrus
The occipital lobes contain what primary sensory areas
Visual
Incoming visual information is compared with past visual experience in what area
Visual Association Area
What area does word recognition occur
Auditory Association Area
What is a neuron that ascends within the spinal cord and carries sensory information from a dorsal horn to the thalamus designated as
A Secondary Neuron
Which ascending pathways or tracts do the secondary neurons decussate within the spinal cord
Spinothalamic Tracts
Where do decussation of ascending spinal pathways occur
Within the Spinal Cord and Medulla Oblongata
Where are the fasciculus gracilis on each side of the spinal cord located in
The Dorsal Column
Where are the posterior spinocerebellar tract in each half of the spinal cord located in
The Lateral Column
Which spinal cord ascending pathway conveys sensory information about which we become consciously aware
Spinothalamic
Nerve fibers that cross over from one side of the body to the other within the spinal cord or medulla oblongata are said to
Decussate
Which tracts carry motor impulses to trunk and upper and lower limb muscles to maintain posture
Reticulospinal Tracts
Which descending tracts of the spinal cord is Not an indirect pathway
Lateral Corticospinal Tracts
True or False

Lateral Corticospinal Tracts whose fibers provide for subconscious control of skeletal muscles
False
What is a spinal cord pathway or tract that is composed of motor fibers
Vestibulospinal Tract
Where do descending tracts of the spinal cord occur in
The Columns
True or False

The indirect pathways of the voluntary motor system are largely involved in controlling movements in the head and neck
False
A pen is placed in your left had behind your back. What tracts is Not involved in your ability to state what is in your hand
Corticospinal Tract
Where are primary motor areas located in
The Precentral Gyrus of each Frontal Lobe
Where are the neurons in the primary motor area that control the movements in you left foot located
Deep in the longitudinal fissure on the medial side of the right precentral gyrus
The primary motor area is located in the ______ gyrus of each ____ lobe
Precentral, Frontal
In addition to planning and initiating movements, what are the functions of the prefrontal areas of the frontal lobes
Perform higher intellectual processes
Where are motivation and foresight to plan and initiate movements located in
The Prefrontal Area
In what sequence would the CNS be involved in a planned movement involving hands
1) Prefrontal Area
2) Premotor Area
3) Primary Motor Area
4) Brachial Plexus
What tract carries motor impulses that control posture adjustments
Reticulospinal Tracts
True or False

The fibers of the Lateral Corticospinal Tract provide for subconscious control of skeletal muscles
False
What is a spinal cord pathway or tract that is composed of motor fibers
Vestibulospinal Tract
Because of injuries received in a car accident, a young man remains hospitalized in a coma. What is affected due to injuries
Reticular Formation
What is the condition that results from a lesion in the premotor area that causes impairment of a musician's ability to play the piano
Apraxia
What is the group of nuclei that are scattered throughout the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain that activates the cerebral cortex into a state of wakefulness
Reticular Formation
Damage to the reticular formation would most likely result in what
Irreversible Coma
What cranial nerve does not have axons that pass through the brainstem or nuclei in the brainstem
Olfactory (I) Nerve
What type of brain wave is recorded when a student is actively involved in formulation an answer to a questions posed in class
Beta Wave
What low frequency brain waves are normal in children and sleeping adults but suggest emotional stress or brain disorders in awake adults
Theta Wave
What type of brain wave occurs during deep sleep
Delta Wave
What type of brain waves predominate in an EEG recorded during stage 4 sleep
Delta
True or False

REM occurs during stage 2 of sleep
False
What is an abbreviation for the name of a recording of the electrical activity of the brain
EEG
A lesion in Broca's area results in defectve speech, is a type of
Aphasia
What does Broca's Area coordinate
Complex muscular actions that make speech possible
What area of the cerebral cortex is thought to be involved with explicit or declarative memory
Hippocampus
How does sensory information reaching the left cerebral hemisphere get transferred to the right hemisphere to be used in decision making and speaking
By the way of nerve fibers in the corpus callosum
In most people, how does Wernicke's area communicate with Broca's area
Through association fibers
What is the complex of structures called that controls emotional experience and can modify the way a person acts
Limbic System
What structure is involved in both explicit memory as well as the development of fear
Amygdaloid Nucleus
In what sequence would the areas of the brain be involved for a person to see, recognize, and tell someone about the words in a sentence
1) Visual Cortex
2) Wernicke's Area
3) Broca's Area
4) Primary Motor Cortex
True or False

The Cerebellum is involved in the formation and expression of feelings and emotions
False
In what sequence would the areas involved in for you to repeat a word you hear
1) Primary Auditory Cortex
2) Wernicke's Area
3) Broca's Area
4) Premotor Area
5) Primary Motor Cortex
Procedural memory is stored primarily in what area
Cerebellum and Premotor Area
What is an effect of aging on the nervous system
Decreased awareness of tactile stimulation
True or False

The general sleep pattern of an elderly is more time required to fall asleep and there are more periods of wakefulness during the night
True