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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What detects the changes in the blood concentration of glucose, oxygen, and hydrogen
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Chemoreceptors
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What are proprioreceptors involved in detecting
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Changes in Tension in Muscles and Tendons
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What somatic receptor is involved in detecting heavy pressure
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Pacinian Corpuscles
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What are the 2 main kinds of stretch receptors or proprioreceptors that transmit information to the spinal cord and brain about muscle tension and length
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Muscle Spindle and Golgi Tendon Organs
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Which receptor detects an increase in tension in a muscle
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Golgi Tendon Organ
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Which receptor detects lengthening or stretching of a muscle
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Muscle Spindle
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What are proprioreceptors
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Sensory receptors that are stimulated by the position of the body or its parts
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What combination of general senses depends on mechanoreceptors
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Pressure and Proprioreception
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What do exteroreceptors provide information about
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The body's external environment
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Which type of sensory nerve endings is involved in detecting changes in temparature
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Free Nerve Endings
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Which deep nerve endings detect deep pressure and consists of a single nerve process surround by a capsule layered like an onion
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Pacinian Corpuscle
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What nerve endings are found in the skin
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1) Pacinian Corpuscle
2) Ruffini's Corpuscle 3) Tactile Discs |
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What receptor is involved in sensing a tick crawling up your arm
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Hair Follicle Receptors
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The neuron of the spinothalamic system that ascends within the spinal cord and carries sensory information from a dorsal horn to the thalamus is designated a
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Secondary Neuron
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What is the neuron of the spinothalamic system that sends impulses from the thalamus to the somatic sensory cortex designated as
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Tertiary Neuron
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In which ascending pathway or tract do the secondary neurons decussate within the spinal cord
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Spinothalamic Tracts
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Where do the decussation of the ascending spinal pathway occur
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Spinal Cord
Medulla Oblongata |
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Where are fasciculus gracilis on each side of the spinal cord located
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Dorsal Column
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The fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus are both tracts of what pathway
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Dorsal Column
Medial Lemniscal System |
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Where is the posterior spinocerebellular tract in each half of the spinal cord located in
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The Lateral column
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Where do ascending tracts of the spinal cord occur in
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The columns
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Which of the spinal cord ascending tracts conveys sensory information about which we become consciously aware
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Spinothalamic
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Where is the primary somatic sensory cortex located in
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The Postcentral Gyrus
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An injury to the lateral portion of the postcentral gyrus in the right hemisphere would result in some loss of sensation in the
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Left Facial Area
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What is the Medial Meniscus
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A tract of nerve fibers that conveys sensory signals to the thalamus
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Sensory information on its way from the hand to the cerebral cortex would pass through what structures in what sequence
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1) Spinal Cord
2) Medulla Oblongata 3) Pons 4) Midbrain 5) Thalamus |
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If the lateral spinothalamus tract is cut, what sensation would be absent on the opposite side below the incision
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Pain and Temperature
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What tract conducts sensory impulses for pain and temperature from various levels of the spinal cord to the thalamus
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Lateral Spinothalamic Tracts
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Severing what part of the sphinothalamic tract would result in pain impulses from the right side being blocked
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Left Lateral
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True or False
Spinothalamic Tract - 2 Point Discrimination is correctly paired |
False
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You touch a hot object, the signal reaches the thalamus but the sensation of hot is not perceived. What transmits the signal to an intact postcentral gyrus
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1) Primary Neuron
2) Receptor 3) Secondary Neuron |
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You stick yourself with a pin but a signal is not transmitted to the thalamus. What is Not involved in your failure to perceive the pain
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Tertiary Neuron
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True or False
The cutaneous information detected below the head results in signals that always decussate in the medulla oblongata to reach the cerebral hemisphere on the opposite side |
False
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Where are sensory areas for vision located in
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The Occipital Bone
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Where do sensations of temperature, touch, pressure, and pain occur in
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The Postcentral Gyrus of each Parietal Lobe
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Somatic sensory signals are routed to what area
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Postcentral Gyrus
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The occipital lobes contain what primary sensory areas
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Visual
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Incoming visual information is compared with past visual experience in what area
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Visual Association Area
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What area does word recognition occur
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Auditory Association Area
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What is a neuron that ascends within the spinal cord and carries sensory information from a dorsal horn to the thalamus designated as
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A Secondary Neuron
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Which ascending pathways or tracts do the secondary neurons decussate within the spinal cord
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Spinothalamic Tracts
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Where do decussation of ascending spinal pathways occur
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Within the Spinal Cord and Medulla Oblongata
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Where are the fasciculus gracilis on each side of the spinal cord located in
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The Dorsal Column
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Where are the posterior spinocerebellar tract in each half of the spinal cord located in
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The Lateral Column
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Which spinal cord ascending pathway conveys sensory information about which we become consciously aware
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Spinothalamic
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Nerve fibers that cross over from one side of the body to the other within the spinal cord or medulla oblongata are said to
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Decussate
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Which tracts carry motor impulses to trunk and upper and lower limb muscles to maintain posture
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Reticulospinal Tracts
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Which descending tracts of the spinal cord is Not an indirect pathway
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Lateral Corticospinal Tracts
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True or False
Lateral Corticospinal Tracts whose fibers provide for subconscious control of skeletal muscles |
False
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What is a spinal cord pathway or tract that is composed of motor fibers
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Vestibulospinal Tract
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Where do descending tracts of the spinal cord occur in
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The Columns
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True or False
The indirect pathways of the voluntary motor system are largely involved in controlling movements in the head and neck |
False
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A pen is placed in your left had behind your back. What tracts is Not involved in your ability to state what is in your hand
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Corticospinal Tract
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Where are primary motor areas located in
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The Precentral Gyrus of each Frontal Lobe
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Where are the neurons in the primary motor area that control the movements in you left foot located
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Deep in the longitudinal fissure on the medial side of the right precentral gyrus
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The primary motor area is located in the ______ gyrus of each ____ lobe
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Precentral, Frontal
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In addition to planning and initiating movements, what are the functions of the prefrontal areas of the frontal lobes
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Perform higher intellectual processes
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Where are motivation and foresight to plan and initiate movements located in
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The Prefrontal Area
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In what sequence would the CNS be involved in a planned movement involving hands
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1) Prefrontal Area
2) Premotor Area 3) Primary Motor Area 4) Brachial Plexus |
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What tract carries motor impulses that control posture adjustments
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Reticulospinal Tracts
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True or False
The fibers of the Lateral Corticospinal Tract provide for subconscious control of skeletal muscles |
False
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What is a spinal cord pathway or tract that is composed of motor fibers
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Vestibulospinal Tract
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Because of injuries received in a car accident, a young man remains hospitalized in a coma. What is affected due to injuries
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Reticular Formation
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What is the condition that results from a lesion in the premotor area that causes impairment of a musician's ability to play the piano
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Apraxia
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What is the group of nuclei that are scattered throughout the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain that activates the cerebral cortex into a state of wakefulness
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Reticular Formation
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Damage to the reticular formation would most likely result in what
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Irreversible Coma
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What cranial nerve does not have axons that pass through the brainstem or nuclei in the brainstem
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Olfactory (I) Nerve
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What type of brain wave is recorded when a student is actively involved in formulation an answer to a questions posed in class
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Beta Wave
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What low frequency brain waves are normal in children and sleeping adults but suggest emotional stress or brain disorders in awake adults
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Theta Wave
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What type of brain wave occurs during deep sleep
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Delta Wave
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What type of brain waves predominate in an EEG recorded during stage 4 sleep
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Delta
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True or False
REM occurs during stage 2 of sleep |
False
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What is an abbreviation for the name of a recording of the electrical activity of the brain
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EEG
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A lesion in Broca's area results in defectve speech, is a type of
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Aphasia
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What does Broca's Area coordinate
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Complex muscular actions that make speech possible
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What area of the cerebral cortex is thought to be involved with explicit or declarative memory
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Hippocampus
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How does sensory information reaching the left cerebral hemisphere get transferred to the right hemisphere to be used in decision making and speaking
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By the way of nerve fibers in the corpus callosum
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In most people, how does Wernicke's area communicate with Broca's area
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Through association fibers
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What is the complex of structures called that controls emotional experience and can modify the way a person acts
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Limbic System
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What structure is involved in both explicit memory as well as the development of fear
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Amygdaloid Nucleus
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In what sequence would the areas of the brain be involved for a person to see, recognize, and tell someone about the words in a sentence
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1) Visual Cortex
2) Wernicke's Area 3) Broca's Area 4) Primary Motor Cortex |
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True or False
The Cerebellum is involved in the formation and expression of feelings and emotions |
False
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In what sequence would the areas involved in for you to repeat a word you hear
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1) Primary Auditory Cortex
2) Wernicke's Area 3) Broca's Area 4) Premotor Area 5) Primary Motor Cortex |
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Procedural memory is stored primarily in what area
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Cerebellum and Premotor Area
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What is an effect of aging on the nervous system
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Decreased awareness of tactile stimulation
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True or False
The general sleep pattern of an elderly is more time required to fall asleep and there are more periods of wakefulness during the night |
True
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