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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Edwin L. Drake |
successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania, that removing oil from beneath the earth's surface become practical |
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Bessemer Process |
technique involved injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon and other impurities |
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Thomas Alva Edison |
become a pioneer on the new industrial frontier when he established the world's first research laboratory in Melo Park, New Jersey |
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Christopher Sholes |
invented the typewriter in 1867 and changed the world of work |
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Alexander Graham Bell |
invented the telephone with Thomas Watson in 1876 |
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transcontinental railroad |
a railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the US |
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George M. Pullman |
built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars on the Illinois Prairie |
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Credit Mobilier |
made a contract with stockholders to lay track at two to three times the actual cost-and pocketed the profits |
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Munn v. Illinois |
an 1877 in which the Supreme Court upheld states' regulations pf railraods for the benefit of farmers and consumers, thus establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest |
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Interesate Commerce |
an act that reestablished the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities and established a five-member Intersate Commerce Commission for that purpose |
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Andrew Carnegie |
worked his way up to become private secretary to the local superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad |
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vertical integration |
process in which he bought out his suppliers - coal fields amd iron mines, ore freighters, and railroad lines- in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems |
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horizontal integration |
companies producing similar products merge |
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Social Darwinsim |
grew out of the English naturalist Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution |
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John D. Rockefeller |
established the Standard Oil Company and took a different approach to mergers: they joined with competing companies in trust agreements
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Sherman Antitrust Act |
made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries |
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Samuel Gompers |
led the cigar markers' internationl unoin to join the other craft unions in 1886 |
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American Federation of Labor |
focused on collective bargaining, or negotiation between presentatives of labor and management, to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions |
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Eugene V. Debs |
attmpted to form such an industrial union that include all laborers- skilled or unskilled in a specific industry - The American Railway Union |
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Industrial Workers of the World |
welcomed African Americans and had a major strike victory in 1912 |
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Mary Harris Jones |
supported the Great Strike of 1877 and later organized for the United Mine Workers of America |
