Chapter 13A Biochemistry

Front 1

The citric acid cycle operates where?

Back 1

mitochondria

Front 2

Coupled with electron transport, citric acid cycle is the major source of what?

Back 2

ATP

Front 3

Pyruvate enters into the mitochondria via what

Back 3

pyruvate translocase

Front 4

pyruvate is transformed into what via pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Back 4

aectyl CoA

Front 5

What enzyme uses cofactor of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

Back 5

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Front 6

the cofactor lipoamide uses what enzyme

Back 6

dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase

Front 7

Enzyme 3, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase uses the cofactor what?

Back 7

flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Front 8

Reaction 1 of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex does what

Back 8

decarboxylation and transfer of hydroxyethyl group

Front 9

The step 2 of reaction 1 functions as oxidation of hydroxyethyl TPP and transfer to what

Back 9

lipoamide

Front 10

The reaction catalyzed by E2 which is what, functions to transfer of acetyl CoA group to coenzyme A to form what?

Back 10

dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase to form acetyl coA

Front 11

Reaction catalyzed by E3 which is what, functions as oxidation of what by E3-FAD

Back 11

dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase functions as oxidation of dihydrolipoamide

Front 12

The regeneration of E3-FAD has E3-FADH2 plus NAD+ forms what

Back 12

E3-FAD + NADH + H+

Front 13

What functions as a swinging arm in PDC

Back 13

E2-lipoamide

Front 14

all enzymes exept for what are in the mitochondrial matrix for citric acid cycle

Back 14

succinic dehydrogenase

Front 15

Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cylce via what

Back 15

citrate

Front 16

oxaloacetate plus acetyl CoA forms citrate via what enzyme

Back 16

citrate synthase

Front 17

Aconitase converts citrate to what

Back 17

isocitrate

Front 18

oxidate decarboxylation of isocitrate forms what via what enzyme

Back 18

forms ketoglutarate via isocitrate dehydrogenase

Front 19

ketoglutarate forms succinyl CoA via what complex

Back 19

Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Front 20

Succinyl CoA synthetase makes what and forms what

Back 20

forms succinate; makes GTP

Front 21

Succinyl CoA sythetase makes GTP is an example of what

Back 21

substrate level phosphorylation

Front 22

Succinate to fumarate reaction is done by what complex

Back 22

succinic dehydrogenase reaction

Front 23

The fumarase reaction alters fumarate to whate

Back 23

malate

Front 24

malate to oxaloacetate is formed by what enzyme

Back 24

malate dehydrogenase

Front 25

The total ATP molecules formed by glycolysis and citric acid cycle is what

Back 25

32 ATP

Front 26

How many ATP equivalent moleculues are formed by substrate level phsophorylation

Back 26

4

Front 27

how many ATP equivalent molecules are formed by oxidative phosphorylation

Back 27

28

Front 28

regulation from pyruvate to acetyl CoA in citric acid cycle is negative from what and positive from what?

Back 28

negatively regulated by NADH and Acetyl CoA

positively regulated by HS-CoA and NAD+

Front 29

Isocitrate to ketoglutarate regulated negatively by what and postively by what

Back 29

regulated negatively by NADH and positively by ADP and Ca2+