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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biotechnology
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use of organisms to perform practical tasks
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recombinant DNA technology
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technology that combines genes from different sources into a single DNA molecule
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plasmid
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small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that is separate from the bacterial chromosome
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restriction enzyme
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enzyme that cuts sugar-phosphate bonds in the DNA backbone at specific points within particular nucleotide sequences in DNA
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genomic library
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complete collection of cloned DNA fragments from an organism
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nucleic acid probe
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radioactively labeled nucleic acid molecule used to tag a particular DNA sequence
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genetically modified organism
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organism that has acquired genetic material by artificial means
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transgenic
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genetically modified organism whose source of new genetic material is a different species
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polymerase chain reaction
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technique that makes many copies of a certain segment of DNA without using living cells
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gel electrophoresis
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technique for sorting molecules or fragments of molecules by length
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genetic marker
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specific portion of DNA that varies among individuals
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DNA fingerprint
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an individual's unique banding pattern on an electrophoresis gel, determined by restriction fragments of the person's DNA
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operon
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cluster of genes and their control sequences
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promoter
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control sequence on an operon where RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA
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operator
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control sequence on an operon that acts as a switch, determining whether or not RNA polymerase can attach to the promoter
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repressor
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protein that binds to the operator and blocks attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter
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transcription factor
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protein that regulates transcription by binding to promoters or to RNA polymerases
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gene expression
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transcription and translation of genes into proteins
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cellular differentiation
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increasing specialization in structure and function of cells during development of a multicellular organism
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stem cell
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cell with the potential to develop into one of several types of differentiated cells
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homeotic gene
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master control gene in many organisms that directs development of body parts
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