Chapter 13 Social Psychology Part 1

Front 1

Social Psychology

Back 1

Scientific Study Of How People Think About, Influence, And Relate To One Another.

Front 2

Attribution Theory

Back 2

We tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior. We attribute the cause of behavior as either due to the person or to the situation.

Front 3

Situational Attribution

Back 3

Factors Outside The Person Doing The Action

Example: Peer Pressure

Front 4

Dispositional Attribution

Back 4

The person's table, enduring traits, personality, ability and emotions

Front 5

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 5

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

Underestimating situational influences can lead us to unwarranted conclusions about others" personality traits.

Front 6

Collectivist Cultures

Back 6

Cultures which emphasize group unity, allegiance and purpose over the wishes of the individual

Front 7

Attitude

Back 7

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events.

Front 8

Peripheral Route Persuasion

Back 8

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.

Front 9

Central Route Persuasion

Back 9

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.

Front 10

Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

Back 10

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

Front 11

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 11

When our actions are not in harmony with our attitudes

Front 12

Responses to Cognitive Dissoance

Back 12

Change Behavior

Explain Away Inconsistency

Minimize Inconsistency

Change Attitude

Front 13

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Back 13

the observation that we tend to resolve this dissonance by changing our attitudes to fit our actions.

Front 14

Origin of Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Back 14

Leon Festinger's Study (1957) Students were paid either large or small amounts to express enjoyment of a boring activity. Then many of the students changed their attitudes about the activity.

Front 15

Prejudice

Back 15

an unjustified attitude towards a group and its members

Front 16

Stereotype

Back 16

A generalized belief about a group, applied to every member of a group

Front 17

Discrimination

Back 17

Un Justified Behavior Selectively applied to members of a group

Front 18

Automatic Mimicry

Back 18

helps us to empathize to feel what others are feeling and explains why we feel happier around happy people than around depressed people.

Example: If one of us yawns, laughs, coughs, stares at the sky, or checks a cell phone, others in our group will soon do the same

Front 19

Conformity

Back 19

Adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard.

Front 20

Normative Social Influence

Back 20

Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Front 21

Information Social Influence

Back 21

Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.

Front 22

Realistic Conflict Theory

Back 22

Scarce Resources---- Competition Between Groups---Prejudice

Front 23

Obedience Experiments, 1961

Back 23

Stanley Milgram

Front 24

Social Facilitation

Back 24

Improved Performance On Simple Or Well-Learned Tasks in The Presence Of Others.

What you do well, you are likely to do even better in front of an audience, especially a friendly audience.

What you normally find difficult may seem all but impossible when you are being watched.

Front 25

Social Loafing

Back 25

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.