Chapter 13 Psych Test 4

Front 1

social pyschology

Back 1

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Front 2

attribution theory

Back 2

the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation of the persons disposition

Front 3

fundamental attribution error

Back 3

the tendency for observers, when analyzing anthers behaviors, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of a persons disostion

Front 4

attitude

Back 4

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and event

Front 5

peripheral route persuasion

Back 5

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness

Front 6

central route persuasion

Back 6

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

Front 7

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Back 7

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a smaller request to comply later with a larger request

Front 8

role

Back 8

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining hoe those in the position ought to behave

Front 9

cognitive dissonance theory

Back 9

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes

Front 10

Culture

Back 10

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Front 11

norm

Back 11

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. norms prescribed "proper" behavior

Front 12

conformity

Back 12

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincided with a group standard

Front 13

normative social influence

Back 13

influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disappointment

Front 14

informational social influence

Back 14

influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality

Front 15

social facilitation

Back 15

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Front 16

social loafing

Back 16

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort earn pooling their efforts toward one goal than when working individually

Front 17

deindividuation

Back 17

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Front 18

group polarization

Back 18

the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations thorough discussions within the the group

Front 19

groupthink

Back 19

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Front 20

prejudice

Back 20

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs , negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

Front 21

stereotype

Back 21

a generalization belief about a group of people

Front 22

discrimination

Back 22

unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group of people and their members

Front 23

just-world phenomenon

Back 23

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Front 24

ingroup

Back 24

Us- people with whom we share a common identity

Front 25

outgroup

Back 25

them- those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

Front 26

scapegoat theory

Back 26

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Front 27

other-race effect

Back 27

the tendency to recall faced of ones one race more accurately than faces of another race

Front 28

agression

Back 28

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Front 29

frustration-agression principle

Back 29

the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression

Front 30

social script

Back 30

culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

Front 31

mere-exposure effect

Back 31

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases the liking of them

Front 32

passionate love

Back 32

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship -honeymoon phase

Front 33

companionate love

Back 33

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom are lives are intertwined with

Front 34

equity

Back 34

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Front 35

self-disclosure

Back 35

revealing intimate aspects of ones self to others

Front 36

alturism

Back 36

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Front 37

social-exchange theory

Back 37

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Front 38

reciprocity norm

Back 38

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Front 39

social-responisbilty norm

Back 39

an expectation that people will help those dependent on them

Front 40

conflict

Back 40

a perceived incompatibly of actions, goals, or ideas

Front 41

social group

Back 41

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behaviors

Front 42

mirror-image perception

Back 42

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

Front 43

superordinate goals

Back 43

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Front 44

GRIT

Back 44

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction- a strategy designed to decrease international tensions