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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RNA |
anucleic acid that consists of a long chain of nucleotides
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messenger RNA
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carry copies of the instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins
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ribosomal RNA |
formsan important part of both subunits of the ribosome
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transfer RNA |
athird type of RNA molecule that transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as itis specified by the coded messages in mRNA
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transcription |
segmentsof DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules
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RNA polymerase |
an enzyme that is similarto DNA polymerase. It binds to DNA during transcription and separates the DNAstrands\
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Promoter |
regionsof DNA that have specific base sequences
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Intron |
portionsthat are cut out and discarded from the pre-mRNA molecules
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Exon |
theremaining pieces that are remaining after the introns are taken out of thepre-mRNA
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Polypeptide |
longchains that amino acids join together on
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genetic code |
the four different bases' letters (A, T, G, C)
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codon |
each three letter "word" in mRNA |
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Translation |
the decoding of an mRNA message into a protein
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Anticodon |
the unpaired bases that each tRNA molecule has (there are 3 bases) |
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gene expression |
the way in which DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in putting genetic information into action in living cells |
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mutation |
mistakes that the cells make when copying their own DNA (inserting the wrong base or skipping a base as a strand is put together) |
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point mutation |
gene mutations that involve changes in one or a few nucleotides |
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frame shift mutation |
insertions and deletions |
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mutagen |
chemical or physical agents in the environment |
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polyploidy |
when an organism has a extra set of chromosomes
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