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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rebirth |
Renaissance |
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describes certain trends in thought, literature, and the arts that emerged in italy from 1350-1550 |
Renaissance |
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divisions in Italy |
Venice, Milan, Florence, Papal States, and Kingdom of Naples and Sicily |
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the wars of italy were _____ |
not unified, always fighting |
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italy's greatest political philosopher and author of The Prince |
Niccolo Machiavelli |
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emphasized logic and reason; mixture of faith and reason |
Scholasticism (France) |
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the study of language, literature, rhetoric, history, and ethics |
Humanism (Italy) |
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most famous of the early renaissance humanists; deeply committed christian who used the ancient literary classics as models for his treaties and poetry; father of humanism |
Francesco Petrarch |
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author of the book of the courtier |
Baldassare Castiglione |
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it promoted the "renaissance" man who was multi-talented, brave, witty, and courteous |
The Book of Courtier |
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"Renaissance Man" |
a man who is multi-talented, brave, witty and courteous |
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sought wisdom from antiquity - but the antiquity they had in mind were the church fathers rather than classical ancestors |
Christian humanism |
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leader of Christian humanism in northern europe; wrote the handbook the christian knight (1503); did not want to destroy the church, only reform it |
Desiderius Erasmus |
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English Christian humanist; author of utopia, chancellor for Henry VIII; was beheaded |
Thomas More |
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credited with perfecting the moveable type printing press circa 1445, the first book he printed was the bible |
Johannes Gutenberg of Mainz |
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encouraged with printing press: |
research, cooperation among scholars, literacy |
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sculpted the first free standing nude since antiquity, david |
Donato di Donatello |
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style linear perspective, the trinity with the virgin, from florence, italy |
Masaccio |
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style- effects of light and shade, careful study of human anatomy, one of the most versatile geniuses that ever lived - painter, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, and inventor |
Leonardo da Vinci |
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known for his portrayals of people as temperate, wise and dignified, famous for his paintings of madonna |
Raphael |
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controlled by a small group of men, oligarchy |
Venice |
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Wool, rich and powerful |
Milan |
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Metachi family |
Florence |
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formed by pope innocent the 3rd; secular leader was the pope |
Papal States |
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poorest but rich in agriculture , controlled by Bourbon monarchy |
Kingdom of Naples and Sicily |
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they felt that men should be taught the "humanities" so that he could be useful to society and his state |
civic humanists |
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possibly the greatest sculptor of all time; also a painter, architect, and poet |
Michaelangelo |
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one of a series of frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. inquiring into the nature of humanity, it represents Renaissance affirmativeness at its height |
The Creation of Adam |
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13 feet high, white marble, over thirteen feet high, this serenely self-confident affirmation of the beauty of the human form was placed prominently by the Florentine government in front of Florence's city humanistic values, Academia Museum |
Michelangelo's David |
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Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife |
Jan van Eyck |
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the first northerner to master italian techniques of proportion and perspective; St. Jerome in his Study |
Albrecht Durer |
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society in the middle ages was divided into 3 estates with slavery slowly disappearing: |
The clergy, the nobility, everybody else |
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Middle Age Society first estate, church officials |
the clergy |
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Middle age society second estate, 2-3% of the population, dukes, barons, and knights |
The nobility |
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Middle age society third estate, 90% of the people |
everybody else |
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ended the 100 years war, crowned by the leadership of joan of arc, consolidate power of france with use of standing army and cannon, unity to france, establishes new tax to support army |
King Charles VII of France |
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Won the war of the rose, abolished private armies of the nobility, did not call parliament often, does not entertain a lot, brings back economy and peace; restores England |
Henry VII (tudor dynasty) of England (1485-1509) |
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not a political union, their kingdoms were ruled separately, both reorganized their military w/ professional royal armies, catholic monarchs, reorganized court systems, enforced strict religious uniformity, asked pope to send in inquisition to question converses |
Isabella of Castille (1474-1504) and Ferdinand of Aragon (1479-1516) |
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converted from Judaism to Christianity during the Renaissance period |
converso |
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started in 1478 used torture and trials to guarantee that the converts kept the traditional beliefs of the church |
The Spanish Inquisition |
