Chapter 13: Blood System

Front 1

Hematologist

Back 1

studies blood

Front 2

Oncologist

Back 2

Cancer Specialist

Front 3

Phlebotomist

Back 3

Specialist of the vein

Front 4

Blood Transports (7)

Back 4

Food

Gases

Wastes

Hormones - chemical messengers

Proteins

White blood cells - fight infection

Platelets - clotter

Front 5

Blood Composition

Back 5

1. Cells = formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes)

2. Plasma: (water, protein, sugar, salts, hormones, vitamins, and wastes)

Front 6

Erythrocytes

Back 6

Red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen, made in bone marrow

Immature = erythroblast

Front 7

Leukocytes

Back 7

White blood cells play an important role in immune response, fight infections

Front 8

Thrombocyte

Back 8

platelets clot blood

Front 9

Macrophages

Back 9

spleen, liver

Invest foreign material

Front 10

Phagocyte

Back 10

East worn out cells

Front 11

Hematopoiesis

Back 11

Stages in blood development

Front 12

Hematopoiesis stages

Back 12

1. Erythroblast - normoblast - reticulocyte - erythrocyte

2. Myoblast

3. Monoblast - Monocyte

4. Lympoblast - lymphocyte

5. Megakaryoblast - megakaryocyte - thrombocyte

Front 13

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

Back 13

-Most numerous of blood cells, biconcave

-Produced in bone marrow, filled with hemoglobin, 120 day life

-hemoglobin: iron containing protein allows RBCs to carry O2

Front 14

Leukocytes (WBCs)

Back 14

1. Basophils: contain heparin (prevent clotting) and histamine (allergic response)

2. Asinophils: parasitic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections

3. Neutrophils: phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection (phagocytosis)

4. Monocyte: phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest cell and tissue debris

5. Lymphocytes: control the immune response, make antibodies into antigens

Front 15

Thrombocytes

Back 15

Platelets, formed in the red bone marrow, helps blood clot (coagulation)

Front 16

Coagulation stages

Back 16

1. tissue factors, clotting factors and platelets activate….

2. Factor X (w/ calcium)

3. Prothrombin to...

4. Thrombin (an enzyme)

5. Fibringer to...

6. Fibrin clot!!!

****<15 minutes

Front 17

CBC

Back 17

Complete Blood Count

Front 18

Plasma

Back 18

1. Albumin: maintains proper proportion of water in blood

2. Globulins: alpha, beta and gamma

3. Fibrinogen: clotting protein

4. Prothrombin: clotting protein

Front 19

Stem Cells

Back 19

1. Can develop into different cell types (divide, renew, unspecialized)

2. May offer a renewable source of replacement cells to treat disease

3. Embryonic stem cells, derived from embryos

4. Adult stem cells (somatic stem cells)

Front 20

Blood Types

Back 20

Type A = A antigen and anti-b antibody

Type B = B antigen and anti-A antibody

Type AB = A and B antigens and no antibodies

Type O = no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

RH Factor = +/-, important to match to prevent hemolysis

Front 21

Bas/o

Back 21

base

Front 22

Chrom/o

Back 22

color

Front 23

Coagul/o

Back 23

clotting

Front 24

Cyt/o

Back 24

cell

Front 25

Eosin/o

Back 25

red, dawn, rosy

Front 26

Erythr/o

Back 26

red

Front 27

Granul/o

Back 27

granulus

Front 28

Hem/o

Back 28

blood

Front 29

Hemat/o

Back 29

blood

Front 30

Hemoglobin/o

Back 30

hemoglobin

Front 31

Is/o

Back 31

same, equal

Front 32

Kary/o

Back 32

nucleus

Front 33

Leuk/o

Back 33

white

Front 34

Mon/o

Back 34

one, single

Front 35

Morph/o

Back 35

Shape, form

Front 36

Myel/o

Back 36

bone marrow

Front 37

Neutr/o

Back 37

neutral

Front 38

Phag/o

Back 38

eat, swallow

Front 39

Poikil/o

Back 39

irregular, varied

Front 40

Sider/o

Back 40

iron

Front 41

Spher/o

Back 41

sphere, globe, round

Front 42

Thromb/o

Back 42

clot

Front 43

-apheresis

Back 43

removal, carrying away

Front 44

-blast

Back 44

immature cell

Front 45

-cytosis

Back 45

abnormal cell condition, increase

Front 46

-emia

Back 46

blood condition

Front 47

-globin

Back 47

protein

Front 48

-lytic

Back 48

pertaining to distruction

Front 49

-oid

Back 49

derived from

Front 50

-osis

Back 50

abnormal condition

Front 51

-penia

Back 51

defieciency

Front 52

-phage

Back 52

eat

Front 53

-philia

Back 53

attraction for

Front 54

-phoresis

Back 54

carrying, transmission

Front 55

-poiesis

Back 55

formation

Front 56

-stasis

Back 56

stop, control

Front 57

Anemia

Back 57

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin, just don't enough oxygen for your body

Front 58

Types of Anemia (6)

Back 58

1. iron deficiency - most common

2. aplastic

3. hemolytic

4. pernicious

5. sickle cell

6. thalassemia - mediterranean decent

Front 59

Aplastic (anemia)

Back 59

Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation in bone morrow

Front 60

Hemolytic (anemia)

Back 60

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Front 61

Pernicious (anemia)

Back 61

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absurd vit. B12 into the body

Front 62

Sickle Cell (anemia)

Back 62

Hereditary disease characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis

Front 63

Thalassemia (anemia)

Back 63

Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglabin

Front 64

Hemochromatosis

Back 64

Excess iron deposits throughout the body

Front 65

Polycythemia

Back 65

General increase in red blood cell

**stretches vessels - clots - blow heart out

Front 66

Hemophilia

Back 66

Rare inherited disorder in which blood does not clot due to deficiency of blood clotting factors (excessive bleeding)
(abnormal condition, attracted to blood)

Front 67

Purpura

Back 67

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Front 68

Granulocytosis

Back 68

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood (increase of neutrophils)

Front 69

Leukemia (4 types)

Back 69

Increase in cancerous WBCs

1. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

2. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

3. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

4. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Front 70

Mononucleosis

Back 70

Infected disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes (cause by the Epstein-Barr Virus EBV)

Front 71

Multiple Myeloma

Back 71

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and causes over production of immunoglobulins. Cells destroy bone tissue.

Front 72

Aphersis

Back 72

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select part from the blood

Front 73

Blood transfer

Back 73

Whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

Front 74

Bone marrow biopsy

Back 74

Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

Front 75

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Back 75

Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered into a recipient's vein

Front 76

Antiglobulin Test

Back 76

Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

Front 77

Bleeding time

Back 77

Time required fir blood to slop flowing from a tiny puncture wound (normal is 8 minutes)

Front 78

Coagulation time

Back 78

Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube (>15min)

Front 79

Complete blood count (CBC)

Back 79

Determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit, and red cell values

Front 80

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Back 80

Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

Front 81

Hematocrit (Hct)

Back 81

Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Front 82

Hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)

Back 82

Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

Front 83

Platelet count

Back 83

Number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Front 84

Prothrombin time (PT)

Back 84

Test of the ability of blood to clot

Front 85

Red blood cell count (RBC)

Back 85

Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Front 86

Red blood cell morphology

Back 86

Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

Front 87

White blood cell count (WBC)

Back 87

Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Front 88

White blood cell differential (count)

Back 88

Percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood