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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Distinctiveness
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people react differently to th same situation
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Consistency
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stability in a person's behavior over time and across situations
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Trait
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enduring
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State
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temporary
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Person-Situation Debate
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-stability across situations and life span
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Interactionism
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considers both person and situation
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Self-Report
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-direct, face valid measures
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Projective Tests
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-indirect measures
-needed to get at deeper aspects of personality |
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Factor Analysis
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statistical approach to determining how many concepts are measured by a set of questions
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Idiograhpic Approach of Personality
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-unique constellation of unique attributes
-cannot compare across people |
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Three-Level Idiographic Approach
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-cardinal: extremely pervasive in a person's life
-central: a few traits that stand out in person -secondary: less salient characteristics, may operate in limited settings |
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Nomothetic
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-compare with "others"
-everyone has certain traits to a degree -only differ in amount |
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Personality Trait
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a durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations
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Lexical Hypothesis
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all meaningful individual differences have been encoded inot language
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The Big 5
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-extraversion
-agreeableness -conscientiousness -neuroticism -openness to experience |
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Extraversion
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high: talkative, assertive, high activity
low: silent, passive, reserved |
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Agreeablenss
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high: kind, trustworthy, warm
low: hostile, selfish, hard to trust |
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Conscientiousness
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high: organized, thoughtful, dependable
low: careless, negligent, unreliable |
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Neuroticism
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high: nervous, moody, temperamental
low: relaxed, poised, steady |
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Openness to Experience
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high: imaginative, curious, creative
low: unimaginative, not interested in aesthetic matters |
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In what ways are the Big Five basic?
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-real
-pervasive -universal -heritable |
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Heritability
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genetic variance/total variance
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Total Variance
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genetic variance + environmental variance
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Id
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the primitive instinctive components of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle
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Pleasure Principal
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demands immediate gratification of its urges
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Ego
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the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle
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Reality Principle
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seeks to dealy gratification of the id's urges until appropriate outlets and situations can be found
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Superego
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the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong
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defense mechanisms
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unconcious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt
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rationalization
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creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior
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Repression
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keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconcious
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Projection
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attributing ones own thoughts, feelings,or motives to another
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Displacement
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diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target
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Reaction Formation
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behaving in a way that's exactly the opposite of ones true feelings
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Regression
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a reversion to immature patterns of behavior
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Identification
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bolstering self esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group
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Personal Unconcious
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houses material that is not within one' concious awareness because it has been repressed or forgotten
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Collective Unconcious
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a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past
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Archetypes
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emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning
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Incongruence
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the degree of disparity between one's self concept and one's actual experience
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Hierarchy of Needs
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a systematic arrangement of needs, according to priority, in which basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused
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