Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How is humanistic psychology different from other sciences? |
Different because the human mind is aware--it knows its being studied, and has opinions about itself. |
|
|
What is humanistic psychology |
Study of humans, not animals |
|
|
What is the most important and difficult aspect of humanistic psychology? |
The study of self-awareness, b/c it makes all other things possible (free-will, reflective thinking, introspection,self-criticism, aspirations, creativity..etc) |
|
|
What is phenomenology? |
Ones conscious experience of the world. |
|
|
What do humanist psychologists think of phenomenology? |
ones conscious experience of the world is more important than the world itself. |
|
|
What is construal? |
Your particular experience of the world. |
|
|
Who was Wilhem Wundt? |
founded one of the first psychological laboratories in 19th century Leipzig, Germany. -used introspection as a means of method (allowed his research assistants to observe their own perceptions and thought processes). |
|
|
What is existentialism? |
-Broad philosophical movement that began in mid-1800s Europe. -Soren kierkegaard--early proponent. -Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Ludwif Binswanger, Medarde Boss, Jean Paul Sartre. -Thought rationalism, science and technology had gone too far as to lose touch with the human experience. - |
|
|
What is the purpose of Existentialism? |
-regain the connection that we have with being alive and aware as humans. |
|
|
Who proposed the 3 parts of experience? |
Ludwig Binswanger |
|
|
What are the three parts of experience? |
1)Biological Experience (Umwelt) 2) Social Experience (Mitwelt) 3) Inner, psychological experience (Eigenwelt) |
|
|
Describe Umwelt experience |
Umwelt experience=biological experience All the physical conditions of experience as a human organism, i.e. pain, pleasure, cold, heat and all the bodily sensations. -poking your finger is an umwelt experience. |
|
|
Describe the Mitwelt experience |
Mitwelt=social experience What you think and feel as a social being. Yuor emotions and thoughts of other people as well as others emotions and thoughts directed at you is known as the mitwelt experience. -Thinking of something you love and fear=mitwelt experience. |
|
|
Describe the Eigenwelt experience. |
Eigent welt=inner psychological experience The experience of experience itself. How you feel and think when you try to understand yourself, your own mind, and your own existence. -includes introspection. |
|
|
Who came up with the term thrown-ness, and what does it refer to? |
Martin Heidegger used german word Geworfenheit. Term refers to the time, place, and circumstances into which you happen to be born into. Experience will be different based on how you are brought up--> salve v.s master. |
|
|
Science, art, and philosophy fail to do what?What does existential philosophy believe about these things? |
1)Tell us why we're here 2)What you should be doing There is no true answer besides the ones you invent for yourself. |
|
|
What is angst? |
i.e. existential anxiety Jean Paul Sartre described it as unpleasant feelings caused by contemplating questions of your own existence. |
|
|
What were the three main components of angst that Sartre described? |
1)Anguish-aiding one preson may mean others will suffere thereore anguish is inescapable. 2)Forlorness-nothing can guide your choices but you, you remain alone or forlorn with them 3)Despair-many outcomes are beyond your control therefore despair regarding inability to change your life outcomes. |
|
|
What is optimistic toughness? |
Sartre believed you had an existential responsibility to face your own morality and seek purpose for your life therefore you need existential courage i.e. optimistic toughness to do this because it is a relatively hard thing to do. |
|
|
What does living in bad faith mean? |
What existentialist refer to those who conform to their peers, society, religious dogma in order to achieve your goals.... basically giving in in order to get what you want in life. |
|
|
What are the three issues with bad faith? |
1) to ignore facts of existence and anxiety they bring is a cowardly lie; you're selling your soul for comfort. Vonneguts mud analogy (come from earth, will return to earth therefore use time wisely) 2)surrounding yourself with material will not make you happy. 3)it is impossible to live a life not worrying and wondering about your existence and awareness. (Sarte="choosing not to choose is still a choice", thus cant escape the existential dilemma even if you trick yourself into it.) |
|
|
What is authentic existence? |
When you come to terms with the idea that your life is short, and you are a master of your own destiny (within those limits) -entails you to live a morally honest, insightful, and morally correct life. |
|
|
What is the discovery that only humans know? |
Humans are the only animals that understand they are going to die. |
|
|
What is a "superman"? |
The term Neitzche came up with to refer to someone who takes on the existential strength to face what must be faced. Nietzche never became one himself he died in an insane asylum. |
|
|
Who said "Existential theory is the only one which gives man dignity, the only one which does not reduce him to an object"? |
Jean-Paul Sarter. |
|
|
Who promoted the questions; "What does life want from me?" |
Victor Frankl |
|
|
What is something psychologists, philosophers, and religious teachings agree on? |
Sometimes the best thing you can do for yourself, is to do something for somebody else. |
|
|
Most western existentialism is_______? |
individualistic. |
|
|
How does eastern and western existentialism differ? |
Eastern=collective Western=individualistic |
|
|
What is anatta? |
"non-self" in buddhism. idea that that indepedent, singular self you experience in your head is an illusion. |
|
|
What does buddhism preach? |
What is in your mind is a collection of your phsyiology, your enviroment, socia lsetting, and society. You are a smaller part of a bigger everlasting universe. |
|
|
Who believed that the existence of his singular self was the one thing he could be sure of? |
Renee descartes, |
|
|
What is annaca mean? |
The buddhist idea that all things must pass and it is best to accept this fact instead of fighting it. |
|
|
What is nirvana? |
State of careing for oneself, as much as you care for others--serene, selfless state. |
|
|
What did rogers and maslow contribute? |
Mixed eastern and western views of self--optimistic humanism -phenemonology is central and that people ahve free will; people are basically good. |
|
|
Who came up with idea of self-actualization? what does this mean? |
Rogers...people have tendency to actualize, mantain and enhance life. --goal is to actualize--this is the driving force of existence is to satisfy this need. |
|
|
Who introduced idea of hierachy of needs? |
Maslow: human motivations is characterized by hierachy of needs. 1st humans require food, water, safety..when those are given then they require, sex, good relationships, prestige, and money. |
|
|
What were the correlational numbers found from poor countries versus rich countries, regarding well-being and economic status? |
rich: r=0.1 poor: r=0.28 |
|
|
Who proposed the updated hierachy of needs pyramid? how is it different? |
douglas kenrick==evolutionary psychologists=needs are to reproduce and keep species going. |
|
|
What is a fully functioning person? |
Person who sees reality for what it is and can take responsibility for their own actions. |
|
|
What are conditions of worth? unconditional regard? |
conditions of worth=what rogers believed you needed to others to think of you in order to value you unconditional positive regard= support you need from important people in your life. |
|
|
What is the goal of rogerian psychotherapy? |
to produce fully functioning people. |
|
|
What is the personal construct theory and who came up with it? |
Kelly-- p.c.t: one cognitive thinking ssystem assembles ones various construals of the world into individually held theories called personal constructs. |
|
|
what is another word for constructs? |
dipolar dimensions. works with opposites. |
|
|
How can one examine their personal construct system? |
Using the REP tests (Role construct repertory test). |
|
|
what are chronically accessible constructs? |
particular constructs that are readily brought in diff individuals minds...ie.. person basing their relationships on who has the most power. |
|
|
Where do contructs come from? |
your interpretations of your past experiences. |
|
|
What was the sociality corollary? |
understanding another person means understanding her personal construct system |
|
|
What is constructive alternatism? |
kelleys idea that the contruals you chose are not forced but chosen by you. |
|
|
What is the concept of FLOW and who ccame up with it? |
Csikszenmihayli....the heart if the phenomenolgical approach is the concious experience of being alive moment to moment.focusedon optimal experience. person can spend their time on autoletic acitivites (those that are enjoyable for their own sake)--the enjoyment from these activites is what he called "flow". |
|
|
is flow and happiness the same thing? |
no... flfow =experience of total concentration, lack of distractability, and thoughts only pertaining to activity of the hand. |
|
|
who can benefit from flow activites? |
those in locus control of their lives: people who believe they can benefit from their flow activies, and can control their life outcomes. |
|
|
What is the self-determination theory? |
Deci + Ryan: 2 routes: hedonia (maximize pleasure minimize pain) eudaimonia(more complex--seeking deeper meaning in life through goals, relationships, being aware..etc) |
|
|
what is most common sought extrinsic goals? |
money. |
|
|
what are the three intrinsic goals sought after |
1)autonomy-finding way in life making your own decisions. 2)relatedness: establishing meaning adn satisfying ties to people. 3)competence: finding something your good at and becoming better |
|
|
Who said "health is more than the absene of disease" |
abraham maslow |
|
|
what is postive psychology? |
focus on postivie subjective eperience, individual traits, and institutions as a means of improving life, and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless. |
|
|
what is positive psychology?.. |
the rebirth of humanist psychology |
|
|
what are the 2 implications of phenomenology |
1)attempt to addres mystery o human experience 2)emphasis on non-judgemental understad ing of an individuals and cultures. |
|
|
What are the most core virtues positive psychology studies> |
justice, humanity, temperance, wisdom, and trasncedence. |
