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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alderden and Ullman 2012 found a difference and gender investigators, what did they find |
Found a female detectives are considerably less likely than male detective to arrest suspects and sexual assault cases even after controlling for the influence of other factors showing to protect arrest |
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In sexual assault cases that turn into a he said she said case, what usually happens and results? |
Results in a jury conclusion that there is insufficient evidence to convict the defender beyond a reasonable doubt. |
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Klippenstein and Schuller 2012 study of victims emotional response |
Victims claim was more credible if the victim portrayed herself as tearful and upset as opposed to calm and controlled. |
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Peace, Porter, Allman 2012 looked at how accurate a jury is in evaluating the credibility of sexual assault allegations finding what |
When their shown 4 make-believe stories and 4 true stories the observers were essentially flipping a coin in deciding which was truthful, |
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Martensville case |
Martensville Saskatchewan there is a family that run a daycare that is charged with 190 cal or physical and sexual abuse against two dozen children. Eventually it's discovered that the children were coerced and highly interrogated using suggestive techniques which were completely false ending with a lawsuit in the defendants favour for a $1.3 million settlement |
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The Mcmartin case |
August 12, 1983 Mother of a 2 1/2-year-old boy call the local police to tell them that she believes that her child had been molested by a teacher and according to the report was forced to drink blood, witness the head of a life baby being chopped off and that Mr. Ray was able to fly.
The police are so stupid that they send out 200 letters to 200 different parents asking if their child has been abused and specifically put Raymond Baci's name in it as a prime suspect oh my god this is retarded
Not surprisingly 350 kids were judge to have been abused out of 400
After seven years of trials he is finally acquitted of all charges and is not guilty
This all transpired from one allegation |
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What is the current state of assessing competency to stand trial or testify for children in Canada |
New legislation in 1980s no longer made it necessary to corroborate evidence when a child made an allegation of sexual abuse, children could not provide evidence through close circuit TV |
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Closed circuit television two types |
One way CCTV involves allowing the victim to testify and I secure a room with the judge, prosecutor and defence attorney while the defendant and the jury watch from the court room
Two way CCTV, which is used more so in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, also allows the victim to give testimony from a separate room. The difference is that the judge and lawyers ask questions from the court room and the victim can see the quarter television monitor to way |
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London Family Court clinic |
Ontario best facility, the Centre for children and families in the justice system, 2011. The service is internationally renowned for its work with over 1000 child abuse victims of child witnesses. Therapist conducted sorrel intake assessments focussed on the child particular situation, special needs, and concerns about testifying in court
Anything related to child abuse or being a child witness is inside this facility |
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Court preparation for a child has two main goals |
Help the child witness provide a full and candida count of the experience
Ensure the child witnesses or not traumatized further by the legal process itself |
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CII five problems with their interviewing procedures in the Mcmartin case |
1. The use of suggestive questions 2. The implication of confirmation by other people 3. Use of positive and negative consequences 4. Repetitious questioning 5. Inviting speculation |
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So, our children the same, more, or less suggestible than adults? |
More suggestible when they are exposed to leading or suggestible interview techniques |
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Pezdek and Taylor 2000 review literature on false memory for children and concluded what |
Mistaken reports tend to have
-less perceptual or sensory detail concerning the event,
-they are described with more words,
-and tend to be held with less confidence |
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Stephen part of 1999 compare true and false childhood memory reports using a detailed correct procedure called a memory assessment procedure MAP. What did he find |
False memories tended to contain -fewer details -less coherent -recalled less confidently than true memories -told from a participant perspective contrast to observe her perspective |
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What are the three steps and that SVA statement validity assessment |
Structured interview of the child
CBC a criterion based content analysis technique and is used to provide an estimate of the statements of veracity
Statement validity checklist which validates whether or not the child is valid looking at characteristics such as the child psychological status and other con founding variable's |
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1. The use of suggestive questions |
Goes beyond a leading question that consists of inducing new information into an interview when the child never even brought it up to begin with for example can you remember the naked pictures? Rather than asking did he ever take pictures |
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2. The implication of confirmation by other people |
Involves telling the child that the interviewer has already obtained information from another child or children regarding the topic at hand for example a staff member told a child that every single kid in the class picture had already talk to her about a whole bunch of yucky secrets from the school. |
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3. Use of positive and negative consequences |
Giving praise or other rewards conditioning and positively or negatively reinforcing what the child size. For example one question lead a child to agree to a teacher that had photograph some children while they were naked, the interviewer responded can I talk to you on the head, what a good help you can be.
Negative consequences reflected criticism of a statement by a child that the child answer or statement was in adequate. For example one child denied any wrongdoing by the Mcmartin stuff, the interviewers response was are you going to be stupid or are you going to be smart and help us here? |
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4. Repetitious questioning |
Did the teacher take pictures of you naked? No. Are you sure the teacher never took pictures of you naked? No. Are you sure? No. So did he? Yes |
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5. Inviting speculation |
Child was asked to pretend or figure something out; technique was used by interviewers one other procedures had failed to produce confirmations of wrongdoing.
Send exact thing as a police detective asking a suspect a role-play a hypothetical scenario of, well let's assume you did killer, how would you have done it? And then speculate about it |
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Garvin 1998 study of interview techniques influencing children age 3 to 6 responses, what did you find? |
He interviewed children for about five minutes and then one week later the children were interviewed again describing who the storyteller was.
By using the techniques close to 60% of the children response is reflected errors as a result of the technique. It's concluded that the techniques affectively illicit false statements for children and adults falling into for overlapping but distinguishable categories
SIRR -suggestive questions -social influence -reinforcement -removal from direct experience |
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Leichtman and Ceci 1995 examine the memories of 176 children for a visit from a strange man named Sam. What did they find |
3 to 6-year-olds were interviewed on several occasions about the visit in one of the following conditions:
Control: no interview contain suggested questions Stereotype: give information about the stranger before the visit Suggestion: miss leading suggestions about Misdeeds committed by the man Stereotype plus a suggestion: both giving information about the person and then misleading about the person even though nothing happened
10 weeks later as expected the children in the combine start a type a suggestion group provided very high levels of false reports followed by misleading suggestions resulting in substantial numbers or false reports, and children exposed to stereotypes having a moderate level
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Terr 1979 investigated the memories of 25 children age 5 to 14 who had been kidnapped on a school bus driving around for 11 hours and then buried underground in a tractor trailer. What did the study find? |
The children had in tact and detailed memories of the incident after 13 months. And a follow-up study he found that the children's memories for the event remain detail for almost 4 years later |
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Based on the study so far presented with three conclusions seem appropriate for a child witnesses and their testimony |
1. Children are more susceptible to suggestion then adults but can be reliable under specific circumstances and are not a suggestible as adults believe them to be
2. The same qualities that lead to increased suggestibility an adult is the same for children
3. If a child's initial memory is strong that they are just as capable of retrieving their memory even if they are as young as three years old |
