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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell fate
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what the cell or its descendants will become in the course of normal development.
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cell determination
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the process of gradual commitment to a particular developmental pathway from which the cells rarely depart.
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cell potency
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the ability of a cell to depart from its fate. The ability of a cell to produce other types of cells.
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totipoent
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cell can produce any cell type in the individual.--> embryonic stem cells, zygote is totipotent
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saturation mutagenesis
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used to produce mutations for every gene that contributes to a process. Know all material on this topic in the text. Feed mutagen in fruit fly until you find all the g
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morphogenesis
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refers to the development of form
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pattern formation
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this is the development of a special organization in which the tissues and organs are positioned properly.
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nurse cells
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these are cells that are located at the end of the cell that will become the anterior end. they can transfer substances to the developing egg cell
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cytoplasmic determinants
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this is the mRNA from the mother which transcription factors will be made. they are transcribed from the mother’s loci and transferred to the developing egg cell by the nurse cells. 3’ UTR
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syncytial b;astoderm stage
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pole cells have budded off at the posterior pole
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cellular blastoderm stage
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Plasma membrane formation around the nuclei to produce a layer of about 5000 cells around the embryo
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when does transcription of embryotic genome begin
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right after the syncytial blastroderm
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after fertilation what controls the first set of zygotic genes that also produce transcription factore controlling another set of zygotic genes
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maternally derived determinants
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cellular blastoderm stage
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this is the plasma membrane formation around the nuclei to produce a layer of about 5000 cells around the embryo
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pole cells
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become the germ line and are separated from the soma early and will not receive transcription factors that will affect the some they are cut off early
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extended germ bad stage
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germ band is divided into parasegments
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segment polarity genes
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genes that make parasegments in the extended band stage
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bicoid
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regulatory gene that makes mrna from transcription factor
sets up the anterior end |
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segmentation genes/ embryonic genes
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gap genes, pair-rule, and segment polarity
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gap genes
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Loss of function mutations show gaps in the segment pattern that are several segments wide
control pair-genes |
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pair-rule segments
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mutations show abnormal effects in every other segment
control segment-polarity |
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segment polarity genes
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Mutations disturb the anterio posterior polarity of each segment
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homeotic genes
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establish segment identity
they code for transcription factors they are targeted by gap genes their expression is controlled by gap genes nd pair rule genes They tell you what structure is going to come out of that particular segment |
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homeosis
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the conversion of one body part into the other for example an antenna into a leg
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antennapedia
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transforms an antenna into a leg
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homeotic genes in drosophilia
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they have 180-nucleotide sequence called homeobox which specifies a 60 amino acid homeodmain
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homeobox
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a 180 nucleotide sequence which specifies a 60-amino acid homeodomain
dependent region has been highly conserved in evolution. Identical sequences or nearly identical have been found in seginsects, not seg nematode worms, mollusks, fish frogs birds and mammals including humans |
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homeodomain
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this is a DNA binding domain
it forms three alpha helices - one fits into the major groove it is not sequence dependent and allows the protein to bind to any DNA segment |
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homeotic homeobox
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containing genes that control the anterior and posterior structures of the body occur in the same linear sequence on chromosomes in Drosophila and mice
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hox genes
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homeotic genes animals
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are all the homeboe containing genes called homeotic genes?
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no, some do not directly control the identity of body parts
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