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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain how several complex factors interact in determining sexual orientation.
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Describe how both biology and the environment play a role in determining sexual orientation.
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Explain the unique challenges, including legal challenges, that same-sex partners may face in
forming families. |
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Discuss the research-based parenting concerns regarding children are being raised by same-sex parents.
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Describe some parental concerns if children identify themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT).
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What is a family traditionally considered to be?
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The one place where people are nurtured
emotionally, being accepted and loved unconditionally Typically the shelter within which we can develop our strength, reveal our weaknesses, and trust those closest to us without wearing math and pretending to be someone else |
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What is family formation intertwined with?
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Our human condition
As humans, we seek the togetherness of a group of people who are closest and dearest to us |
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What do these significant persons do?
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Accept and nurture us for who we are
Love us as we are They accept and respect the total person |
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Sexual orientation
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Part of the total person
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What appears to be more important the climate of the family or structure of the family?
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Climate of the family appears to be more important in the structure of the family
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What did the summary of more than 2 decades of research reveal about the differences in
adjustment or development of children or adolescents reared by same-sex couples when these groups were compared to offspring of heterosexual adults? |
They did not reveal any significant differences
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What are the outcomes of PC relationships
determined by? |
The quality of parenting and the family
relationship which have a stronger influence than the sexual orientation of the parent |
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Patterson (2006)
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Some of it up in the following manner:
"Results of the research suggested that qualities of family relationships are more tightly linked with child outcomes than is parental sexual orientation." Positive outcomes and PC relations are strongly influenced by the quality of parenting |
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What do same-sex parents focus on?
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Providing a social support network based on love, intimacy, emotional warmth, interest, and a sense of community
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As the legal landscape continues to evolve, what are some important trends that are emerging?
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In the areas of relationship recognition, adoption, and parental rights
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How many countries have legalized same-sex marriages over the past decade?
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10
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What types of legislation have a number of states enacted?
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Sanctioning same-sex marriages
Marriage equality legislation Recognize domestic partnership, which can be legalized with civil unions |
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Which state was the first state to officially
sanctioned marriage equality legislation? |
Massachusetts
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By 2011, what legislation has been in place
barring such marriages? |
29 states had constitutional amendments
11 states have statutes in place |
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Why do legal and social policy contexts vary vastly with the jurisdiction within which they
occur? |
Marriage equality as a matter of civil rights as for supporters and opponents
If a union is legally sanctioned at the marriage, it has ripple effects that also involve aspects pertaining to family formation |
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What are people identifying themselves as LGBT
doing? |
Adopting children
Finding a path toward parenthood through a number of other avenues |
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What avenues are the LGBT using to become parents?
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Ovum and sperm donation
Surrogate mothers |
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In which states, do biological parent in same-sex relationships usually have parental rights?
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In absence of marriage equality legislation
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What is the legal premise of "in the best interest of the child"?
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In operation as well
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What are some problems that same-sex couples encounter in entering parenthood?
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A great number of states do not grant same-sex couples the opportunity to adopt jointly
When parents move into a state where same-sex marriages are not legally supported, especially in same-sex couples face a situation that all married couples could potentially face, namely divorce |
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What happened following the enactment of the
Don' T Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, with regard to armed forces personnel, |
Persons who identified himself as gay or lesbian can be truthful about their sexual identity
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What do many religious groups have?
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Inclusive policies and welcome all persons into their places of worship
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What is happening in some places of religious
groups' inclusive policies? |
Active discrimination has been legally disputed and overruled as unconstitutional
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What did the American Psychiatric Association in 1973? What does this implication mean?
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Declassified homosexuality is a mental disorder
Label based on a disease model or a normative value in terms of normality/abnormality could or should be attached to homosexuality |
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What do persons identifying themselves as LGBT request?
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The same constitutional rights and privileges that others have members of a diverse society
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How do they LGBT population express legal
concerns? How do these methods translate? |
Before the law
With the law Against the law As challenging the law by using the statistically and intentionally resisting the law |
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With same-sex couples, what made the changes in family formation necessitate?
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Some ingenuity in changing traditionally held
beliefs concerning family formation |
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How has homosexuality been seen historically?
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An aspect of human nature and sexuality
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How has cultures with a strong Judeo-Christian heritage labeled homosexuality?
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Negatively
As homophobia, and irrational fear, dislike, or discussed regarding human sexuality, homosexual, and had a respected, the belief that heterosexuality is superior and preferable to homosexuality, had a strong presence |
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What can underlie the negative feelings of the Judeo-Christian heritage?
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Ignorance
intolerance Fearfulness |
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What is displayed with the increasing respect for diversity in its many expressions which includes sexual orientation?
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Cultural competence
Understanding |
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What does the majority of current research on sexual orientation seem to focus upon?
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Genetic influences
Variations in brain structure The role of prenatal hormones on the developing fetus during critical prenatal developmental stages Maternal variables Individual variables |
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What is included in the individual variables that research of sexual orientation seems to focus upon?
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Life experiences
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Has there been an answer to etiology of sexual orientation found by researchers?
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No
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What seems to underlie sexual orientation?
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General complex contracting genetic, hormonal, and other biological factors
Later environmental factors can add subtle layers to complexity |
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What are the 2 biological perspectives of
importance when looking at sexual orientation? |
Brain structure and genes
Hormonal influences and gene |
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How have the brains of persons for homosexual and examined to determine whether there are any significant identifiers in terms structure?
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Modern brain imaging technique
Postmortem studies |
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How does Carter (2010) address research
findings concerning brain structure? |
She refers to the early studies by Simon LeVay
They compare the structure of the nucleus and the hypothalamus of the brain He found that there are structural differences in the nucleus of men who are gay versus men who are homosexual |
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What have other researchers found?
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Similar differences in the structure of the human brain in individuals will identify themselves as gay persons versus homosexual
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Give an example of the similar differences in the structure of the human brain in individuals that will identify themselves as a persons versus
homosexual. |
Lesbian women and heterosexual men
have been observed to have slightly larger right brain the spheres compared with gay men and heterosexual women |
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Who do some authors report as being more likely to be left-handed or ambidextrous?
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Gay men
lesbians |
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Handedness
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Inborn
dictated by an individual's dominant hemisphere |
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What do these findings about handedness lead Simon LeVay to postulate?
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The possibility of prenatal determination of
sexual orientation |
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What did a later study by Hammer in 1993
suggest? How did he come to this conclusion? |
There could be a genetic link
Observing male homosexuality within the family had a great seem to be more closely related to inheritance through the maternal line |
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What happened the linkage studies suggested?
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A particular gene on the X chromosome (Xq28) may be responsible for inheritance of
homosexuality |
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What did Mustanski et al. later perform? What did he find?
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A broader investigation into possible genes related to homosexuality
Found target genes on autosomal chromosomes |
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Autosomal chromosomes |
Those inherited equally from both parents
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Sexual chromosomes
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Inherited from either the mother or the father
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Epigenetics
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The effects of the environment on gene
expression Contributes to the genetics of homosexuality |
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Give an example of how epigenetics contributes the genetics of human sexuality.
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Exposure to estrogen in fetal and early postnatal life in certain critical windows turns on and off various genes that are important in sexual
differentiation and the development of adult sexual behaviors in both males and females |
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What role does the estrogen receptor to
estrogen play? Why? |
A dominant one
All fetuses are exposed to maternal estrogen |
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Understanding the role of genetics in
determining sexual orientation |
Incomplete
Some contribution, at least in some individuals, is highly likely |
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What has research determined in the link
between sexual orientation and either sex and exposure to sex hormones? |
Failed to conclusively prove the link
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Give examples of sex hormones.
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Testosterone Estrogen |
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What made the presence of these were meant in adulthood be linked to?
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Intensity of sexual desire
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What may the exposure to varying
concentrations of sex armaments prenatally contribute to? |
Gender identity
Sexual orientation |
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When does human sexual development begin?
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In the
first trimester of pregnancy |
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Genetic sex
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Usually XX or XY
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What does genetics sex determine?
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Whether the bipotential gonads will become testes or ovaries
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When does the biopotential gonads have the
potential to become testes? |
In the presence of the SRY gene found on the Y chromosome
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When did the bipotential gonads have the
potential to become ovaries? |
In the absence of the SRY gene
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When do the differentiated gonads begin to
produce hormones? |
In utero at about 7 weeks of gestation
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What has the same ability to differentiate into either male or female genitalia?
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The same tissues
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Describe the genitalia of all fetuses.
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Identical
Referred to as bipotential |
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Bipotential
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The same tissues have the ability to differentiate into either male or female genitalia
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What will become the internal organs for both males and females? Were they present?
Describe them. |
Rudimentary structures
In all fetuses One set typically progressing after biological sex is established |
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Biological sex
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Determined by the production of hormones
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What did the testes of male fetuses produce?
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Dihydrotestosterone The undifferentiated genital tubercle |
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What does the undifferentiated genital tubercle do?
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Enlarges
Becomes a male phallus |
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What happens in the absence of
dihydrotestosterone? |
The faint issue that becomes the balance in males becomes the clitoris in females
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What is currently search focused on? What does this lead to?
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Understanding whether the human brain may have an analogous window differentiation into male and female
Leads to gender identity and ultimately perhaps to sexual orientation |
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Enzyme disorder model
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Use to understand the possible role of androgen
exposure in the developing brain Affect the production of sex hormones in utero |
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
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The production of sexual hormones in utero
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What is the most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
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21 hydroxylase deficiency
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21 hydroxylase deficiency
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The fetal adrenal gland overproduces androgen hormones
One of the medical conditions that is labeled as disorder of sex development (DSD) Most identified and treated as infants Screened for by the newborn screening program and almost all states Sex of rearing Gender identity |
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What are androgen hormones similar in action to?
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Testosterone
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Disorder of sex development
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Genetic sex (XX female or XY male)
Genetic sex |
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Sex of rearing
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A decision based on whether an individual would be most successful in the male or female
Decided based on a combination of factors |
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What factors is the sex of rearing based on?
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The appearance of the external genitalia
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Female fetuses with 21 hider plays deficiency
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Are exposed to testosterone in utero
Typically only occur for male fetuses Causes virillization of their external genitalia Creates early prenatal exposure for developing female brain to testosterone |
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What happens to those that appear as typical males?
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They identify as boys at birth
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When does postnatal exposure to testosterone end?
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Once detected and treated
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What has been found in studies of the effects of various forms of DSD on self-reported degrees of femininity and masculinity?
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Girls affected by 21 hydroxylase deficiency report more masculine behaviors with respect to toy preference, play preference, play activities, and styles compared to their sisters as young children and adolescents
By adulthood, the women in the group identified as being female, with similar masculinity source to their sisters Women affected by the most severe form of 21 hydroxylase dysplasia remain slightly less feminine than their adult sisters |
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What does the finding that women affected by the most severe form of 21 hydroxylase dysplasia to remain slightly less feminine than their adult sisters suggest?
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Although prenatal androgen exposure affects psychological masculinity and girls, there
remains a societal influence that may play an important role in adulthood or identity, at least in this group |
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XY DSD
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A group of asked why individuals who are
genetically male, but for various reasons are exposed to less testosterone than would be typical |
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What are possible results of XY DSD?
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Some produce less testosterone
Some have androgen insensitivity |
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Androgen sensitivity
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They produce but cannot respond normally to testosterone
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What were the results of those in the study that were raised in males?
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They tended to report higher mescaline the scores of adults compared to those raised as
females |
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What were the results of those in the study that were raised as females?
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Reported higher femininity to the scores as adults
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What do the findings support?
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The notion that socialization learning contribute to gender role and gender identity
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What did Zucker et. tal document about the
decreasing masculinity of girls with 21 hydroxylase dysplasia over time? |
An increased likelihood of having sexuality in these girls
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Describe the reports about the masculinity and femininity of those affected by DSD.
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Reports are conflicting
Their sexual orientation and their happiness in their assigned gender roles exist |
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Illustration of the complexity of the situation
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If an XX genetically female individual with male external genitalia, who was raised as male, chooses a female sexual partner, is the person heterosexual or homosexual?
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Blanchard, Zuckey, Bradley, & Hume |
Another model for understanding the role
of prenatal exposure to were man's in the developing brain comes from observation that males who are gay have a greater than average number of older brothers and can be expected to be of later birth order |
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What may be the most plausible explanation?
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Mothers develop an immune reaction to the testosterone being produced by their male
fetuses during pregnancy The reaction is known to occur when mothers have babies of different blood type with respect to the Rh factor |
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Sensitization to the Rh factor
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Can be so severe that it can lead to loss of the fetus and subsequent pregnancies
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What happens when a similar immune reaction to testosterone occurs?
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The maternal immune response can serve to
reduce the amount of circulating testosterone and reduce testosterone exposure for the developing fetal brain |
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What happens at the severity to the response
increases with the number of male fetuses carried by a pregnant woman? What may this lead to? |
Then males later in birth order would be exposed to progressively less testosterone
during the critical field window To less masculine behaviors in adults May potentially alter sexual orientation |
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What is an intriguing new area of research?
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Endocrine disruptors
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Endocrine disruptors
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Chemicals in the environment which may alter the usual course of pre-and post hormonal
exposure Relates to sexual development, fertility, and other aspects of human health |
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Bisphenol A |
Estrogenic compound found in hard plastic food containers
Has not been linked to changes in sexual orientation There are concerns that exposure may affect the normal development of male genitalia and increase firm count which affects fertility |
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What has the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , under the auspices of the
National Institutes of Health created? |
A study section that is dedicated to this research
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What is the consequence of not understanding the delicate balance of the influence of genetics, sexual hormones, and socialization of gender identity and sexual orientation?
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Classic nature versus nurture debate continues
Biology environment appear to play a role Most homosexuals and those experience gender dysphoria do not have any identifiable disorder |
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Gender dysphoria
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A feeling that they are living as the wrong gender
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What does the more psychological angle, the psychoanalytic view, based on Sigmund Freud, suggest?
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Family influences play a significant role
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What does it Sigmund Freud view suggest is the reason that male homosexual orientation
occurred? |
An individual had an extremely dominant mother and relatively submissive, emotionally distant, or absent father
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What have other approaches propose?
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Sexual orientation is learned behavior among males and females which suggest that individual can willfully choose, as well as change, their
sexual orientation |
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What perspective is supported most?
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People support the considerable, yet erroneous view that environmental factors are the sole cause of homosexual orientation
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What position has the most evidence in support?
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People are born with a particular sexual
orientation, which is manifested after reaching puberty The numerous factors interact to present in this very complex scenario |
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Queer
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Word used in previous decades and colloquial language to refer to homosexuals
Especially used in British English Used in American speech is often viewed as derogatory, simple, or overly artsy |
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Queer Eye Straight Guy
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The reason the word regained attention
A television show which focuses on the home and personal makeovers |
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Queer theory
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The word has returned to the mainstream used as a reference
Refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ), lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) Start circulating in the early 1990s Tries to normalize the connotation of the concept of homosexuality by stating it is not an opposite or another variance of heterosexuality A critique of heteronormativity |
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Heteronormativity
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Should not be the central point of reference
Similar to ethnocentrism |
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Ethnocentrism view
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One's own culture is used as the norm as well as the reference point
Implies that one sees the world through a limited and very personal perspective Everything can be colored by its world view |
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What would putting the same type of thinking into the context of queer theory mean?
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The world is generally viewed through
heterosexual lenses Heterosexuality then becomes mainstream point of reference |
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What does the historic marginalization of
persons with disabilities resemble? |
The marginalization of homosexuality
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What are the dichotomies of hetero and
homosexuality deconstructed to allow? |
More flexible and universal constructs that bypass restricting connotations^
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What does the queer theory state? Why?
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The approach whereby a categorization is made between hetero and having sexuality should be challenged
They are social constructs |
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What does queer theory acknowledge? What does this imply?
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A continuum in sexual identification and
expression Sexuality is more varied than the noted by one label and one can claim a Q identity |
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What do a large number family systems in the US today include?
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A child that identifies him or herself as LGBT
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What has the historical sex research by Alfred Kinsey done more than half a century ago and for more recent research found?
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It is estimated the individuals with exclusively homosexual orientation make up 7–12% of the male population and 5–7% of the female
population |
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Assuming that these individuals come from
average five family of about 4 person, what is the potential number of persons with a homosexual relative or close friend? |
1/3 of the population in the US
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What percent of the gay and lesbian population of the US are biological parents of children from heterosexual relationships?
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25%
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How many children are the product of families with parents that are heterosexual and
homosexual? |
More than 10 million
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Why is there no clear estimates of the number of families who know that they have a member who identifies as LGBT? When does the secrecy occur?
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Not all have to split their orientation to family members
For fear of rejection Other reasons |
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What do those that make their orientation known do?
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Cause change in the identity of their family of origin as family members adapt and emotionally readjust to the greater sexual diversity within their own family
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What are the parents of children that come out like? What does it carry over to?
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Fully integrated
have strong support groups Maybe able to disclose their sexual orientation more easily without fear discrimination The relationships with their children where disclosure and openness may be adjusted to the level of acceptance and support within their families |
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What is common for parents to do? What do these expectations shape? What made this serve as?
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Develop and acquire and their idea of
expectations about themselves and their children Parenting behavior As self-fulfilling prophecies for those involved in the family subsystem |
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What types of expectations are these? What do these reflect?
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Generally positive
Wishes, hopes, and dreams for parents and children |
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What expectation do most parents not include?
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That any of their children will reveal an LGBT identity orientation upon reaching puberty
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What does the revelation that a child identifies as LGBT create?
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A crisis for the entire family system
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What is one of the most difficult, yet authentic acts performed by a person who is gay or
lesbian? |
Disclosing this information and identity to others
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Coming out
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The process of disclosing the information that they are gay or lesbian and identity to others
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How is coming out for those that identifies LGBT?
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The significance of disclosure lies in presenting themselves to others as a whole, integrated person with a positive self-concept
They should in fact been intimacy in the hope that the disclosure will result in honest acceptance and unconditional love |
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How can coming out as an added challenge for some youth who are LGBT to develop healthy, positive self-esteem growing up in heterosexual families?
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They may be struggling to find their and sexual identity, while fearing rejection if they disclose their true sexual orientation
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What happens if they keep their sexual
orientation a secret? |
They deny their basic identity
It would promote good self-esteem and other interpersonal strength and acceptance can be found within the closed and trusted family circle and in the wider societal network |
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What would you do and save your best friend shared the news with you that one of his or her siblings and gay or lesbian?
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What does family systems theory predict?
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When one family member experiences change in some manner, all other members of the system also affected to some degree
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What does family disruption initially relate to?
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Members' difficulties in reconciling their
negative attitudes, beliefs, and myths about having sexuality with what they know about their particular family member |
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What made these particular beliefs and stereotypes govern?
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Initial reactions of the family members
In society more accustomed and accepting of diversity, the positivity overrides |
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What do family members and friends like to do?
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Maintain the positive image they already have about the child as an individual and as a family member
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What does a child's disclosure of their sexual orientation act as?
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A stressor advanced for the family system
Most likely produces a crisis reaction |
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How do family systems react to this crisis that the disclosure produces?
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In predictable ways to any significant change or crisis event that may be external to the system or internal among members
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Hansen and Hill's (1964) ABCX model
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Model of family crisis management
where family systems demonstrate, and way of reacting when challenged by significant stress or events by confronting many stressor events and changes throughout life span Proposes that when A interacts with B and with C then X will occur |
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A
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A stressor event
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B
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The family's use of resources and their ability to cope with the stressor
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C |
The family's definition of the stressor event
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X |
A family crisis
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What is the family system's reaction to the stress or event? |
A family's response or process based on the complex interactions
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What are some of the coping strategies?
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Withdrawing from interactions with people
outside of the system Discussing the situation only among the adults Denying that there's a problem Using anger and other negative emotions Seeking assistance from others outside the system |
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What the family coping strategies (B) do? |
Differ in reaction to stressor events
May or may not be immediately set into motion after child's disclosure concerning sexual orientation |
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What do factors that collectively represent the system's and its members' interpretations (C) do?
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May temporarily override the other means that the family eventually employs to resolve the crisis of disclosure
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According to the ABCX model, what does a
family system's interpretation of the stressor event influence? What 2 things that the model predict? |
The system's reactions
When members perceive they are the cause of the problem, the family system as a whole suffers The group is hampered in its ability to function in healthy, effective ways |
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How do some families interpret the revelation of the child's sexual orientation?
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In serious terms
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Give an example of how families interpret the revelation of a child's sexual orientation in
serious terms. |
Some parents typically assume personal guilt
for their child's homosexuality, believing that done something wrong in their child rearing |
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Describe the parent's feeling of guilt following a child's disclosure of sexual orientation.
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They believe that they have somehow
performed poorly as parents and or failures They feel that, fearful for their child, shocked, depressed, and hurt following their child's disclosure |
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How do siblings to react to their sibling's
confession of sexual orientation? |
Anger
Confusion They may experience feelings of alienation for the homosexual sibling, who now seems to be a stranger rather than someone well known |
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How does a child identified as LGBT often come out to family members?
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Incrementally, reflecting the degree ofemotional closeness that they feel toward specific family members
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Give an example of how a child would come out to their families.
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The child may tell the mother first, then the
sibling, and finally the father |
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What do observers also note?
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Other efforts of the system intends to interpret the disclosure |
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What do family members who are heterosexual frequently do? What is this response do?
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Attend to understand the child who is LGBT in relation to their family values concerning sexual orientation
Helps in the acceptance process to get to know persons who are open about their sexual orientation and to form good relationships with them, which reveals diversity and sexual identity from a positive angle |
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When is the acknowledgments of sexual orientation and and LGBT identity usually received?
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Adolescence
Early adulthood |
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What may the person choose to disclose or
family members may uncover accidentally? |
Family members and had many opportunities to come to know the person without the benefit of this private knowledge about sexual orientation
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Even if parents have suspicions about a child's sexual orientation, what does the revelation of an LGBT sexual orientation constitute? Why?
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A crisis for most parents and family systems
They may previously have assumed that the person is heterosexual like themselves |
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Cognitive dissonance
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May become evident as heterosexual family members try to reconcile negative family values about homosexuality with positive family values about the family member
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Describe the process of cognitive dissonance.
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They may have to go through phases of grief in order to reach a point where the child is
accepted as the total person that they are |
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Describe another aspect that relates to the
interpretation and definition of a family system that makes ascribes to the homosexual child after disclosure. |
The members may negotiate a child's family role as brother, son, daughter, sister, her cousin
The family recognizes that the homosexuality identity and orientation is now public to the family which raises questions about intimacy and what else the family may not know about the child and challenges them to readjust the family system to keep the child within the safe and supportive realm of the family connections, and to offer their support during a time that must be a difficult transition for the disclosing child too |
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What is revised?
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Then Gestalt or bigger integrated picture
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What are the several factors that predict the
nature and strength of a family's determination to constructively deal with a child's disclosure? |
The more a family system subscribes to
traditional, conservative teaching about homosexuality, and more the reaction to, and interpretation of, a child's disclosure If family members from a traditional, rigid conservative beliefs about gender role, than these individuals generally react negatively to any person of LGBT orientation, whether or not the person that external or internal to the family system The rules that govern the functioning of a family system can influence the likelihood of negative reactions to disclosure The age and gender of family members can influence reactions in positive or negative ways. Generally, the other children and much older adults in the family system may be more accepting and react more favorably to the disclosure than others. Members of the same facts as the in the sexual child can occasionally react more negatively than members of the opposite sex. |
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Give an example of how the rules that govern the functioning of a family system can influence the likelihood of negative reactions to disclosure.
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Some family rules relate to maintaining an
image or reputation in the community |
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In keeping with the prediction made by the ABCX model, what is the degree to which family
interprets a stressor as disruptive become? |
A self-fulfilling prophecy
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What is the process of taking in the child's
coming out lead to? |
After taking stock of family values related to LGBT and combining them with the
interpretation of the meanings given to the child's disclosure of their sexual orientation, the system often concluded that the family is experiencing a crisis caused by the revelation |
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What happens when a family system determined that the disclosure constitutes family crisis?
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The system move into a phase of disorganization and family functioning
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Phase of disorganization
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Family typically resist the challenges that
accompany the stress or event that they interpret as a crisis The child's disclosure of sexual orientation temporarily disrupts the patterns of interaction and communication and the role of all family members They may try to keep the disclosure a secret from others outside the immediate or extended family Begins to be resolved as a family system Masons the recovery phase |
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Why do families typically resist the challenges that accompany the stressor events that they
interpret as a family crisis? |
The ultimate goal of the system is to maintain the established homeostasis
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Homeostasis
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Balance
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What essentially, can disrupt the stability of the family system, and disorder or chaos can result?
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The reactions of family members
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Recovery Phase
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Members make an effort to reach solutions that are appropriate to their particular style of functioning
the response depends on the particular family system as members attendance to reestablish homeostasis Resolutions may be healthy or unhealthy |
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How does a healthy family system move
forward? |
Toward positive adaptation in response to the child's disclosure which tends to promote and enhance effective functioning of the family system
They usually think of systems which resulted in growth, change, innovation, and adaption in structure and patterns They recognize that family secrets aren't healthy and disruptive They may realize that individual's sexual orientation is not a matter of personal choice They make that that a person's only choice is to be honest and to act authentically about their sexual orientation They may acquire accurate information by educating themselves about homosexuality an appropriate ways and from reliable resources |
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Give an example of how members positively
except a child's disclosure of orientation. |
They may seek out the services of a psychotherapist or counselor who have expertise and LGBT
and read a variety of books on the topic They may attend support groups devoted to helping families understand homosexual members |
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Parents, Family and Friends of Lesbians and Gays
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A support group for the LGBT community and families' with a child that has come out
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What do these positive efforts do?
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Facilitative family system's ability to create
climate of acceptance and tolerance for the LGBT child health is promoted by understanding the differences are appropriate among members |
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What happens to the family system that failed to resolve the crisis in ways that are healthy and promote effective family functioning
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A hostile, ambivalent family atmosphere,
especially as it relates to the child who is gay or lesbian, become the normative family-style to restore me a stasis to the system When they decide to resolve it they promote even greaterdisorganization in their system, which prevents effective functioning |
