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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deformation |
The bending, tilting, and breaking of earths crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress |
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Isostasy |
A condition of gravitational and buoyant equilibrium between earths lithosphere and asthenosphere |
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Stress |
The amount of force per unit area that acts on a rock |
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Strain |
Any change in a rocks shape or volume caused by stress |
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Fold |
A form of ductile strain in which rock layers bend, usually as a result of compression |
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Fault |
A break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another; a form of brittle strain |
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Mountain range |
A series of mountains that are closely related in orientation, age, and mode of formation |
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Folded mountain |
A mountain that forms when rock layers are squeezed together and uplifted |
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Fault-block mountain |
A mountain that forms where faulting breaks earths crust into large blocks, which causes some blocks to drop down relative to other blocks |
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Dome mountain |
A circular or elliptical, almost symmetrical elevation or structure in which the stratified rock slopes downward gently from the central point of folding |
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Earthquake |
A movement or trembling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move |
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Elastic rebound |
The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape |
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Focus |
The location within earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
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Epicenter |
The point on earths surface directly above an earthquakes starting point, or focus |
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Body wave |
A seismic wave that travels through the body of a medium |
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Surface wave |
A seismic wave that travels along the surface of a medium and that has a stronger effect near the surface of the medium than it has in the interior |
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P wave |
A primary wave, or compression wave; a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back and forth direction parallel to the direction in which the wave is traveling |
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S wave |
A secondary wave, or shear wave; a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side to side direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is traveling |
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Shadow zone |
An area on earths surface where no direct seismic waves from a particular earthquake can be detected |
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Fault zone |
A region of numerous, closely spaced faults |
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Seismograph |
An instrument that records vibrations in the ground |
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Seismogram |
A tracing of earthquake motion that is recorded by a seismograph |
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Magnitude |
A measure of the strength of an earthquake |
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Intensity |
In earth science, the amount of damage caused by an earthquake |
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Tsunami |
A giant ocean wave that forms after a volcanic eruption, submarine earthquake, or landslide |
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Seismic gap |
An area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes are known to have occurred in the past |
