Chapter 11 Soc

Front 1

Race

Back 1

Socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important

Front 2

Ethnicity

Back 2

shared cultural heritage

Front 3

Minority

Back 3

category of people, distinguished by physical or cultural traits, who are socially disadvantaged

Front 4

minority have two important characteristics

Back 4

Distinct Identity and Subordination

Front 5

Prejudice

Back 5

rigid and irrational generalization about an entire category of people

Front 6

Social Distance

Back 6

type of prejudice, refers to how closely people are willing to interact with members of some category

Front 7

who developed Social Distance

Back 7

Emory bogardus developed the social scale and he found that people feel much more social distance toward some categories than others

Front 8

3 major social distance findings

Back 8

1. The trend toward greater acceptance has continued.
2. People see less difference among various minorities.
3. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, may have reduced social acceptance of Arabs and Muslims.

Front 9

Racism

Back 9

a powerful and destructive form of prejudice, refers to the belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another

Front 10

Scapegoat theory

Back 10

theory of prejudice, hold that prejudice results from frustrations among people who are themselves disadvantaged

Front 11

Scapegoat

Back 11

person or category of people, typically with little power, whom people unfairly blame for their own troubles

Front 12

Authoritarian Personality Theory

Back 12

type of prejudice, authoritarian personality theory views prejudice as a personality trait in certain individuals

Front 13

Culture Theory

Back 13

type of prejudice, prejudice argues that prejudice is embedded in culture

Front 14

Conflict Theory

Back 14

type of prejudice, proposes that powerful people use prejudice to justify oppressing others.

Front 15

Institutional prejudice and discrimination

Back 15

refers to bias inherent in the operation of societys institutions

Front 16

the Vicious Circle

Back 16

prejudice and discrimination form a vicious cycle based on the Thomas Theorem
Stage 1: Prejudice and discrimination
Stage 2: Social Disadvantage
Stage 3: Belief in minoritys innate inferiority

Front 17

Thomas Theorem

Back 17

situations defined as real become real in their consequences

Front 18

Pluralism

Back 18

a state in which racial and ethnic minorities are distinct but have social parity

Front 19

Assimilation

Back 19

describes the process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant category.

Front 20

Miscegenation

Back 20

biological reproduction by partners of different racial categories
a way for racial traits to diminish over genertations

Front 21

Segregation

Back 21

physical and social separation of categories of people. may be voluntary, but is usually imposed

Front 22

Genocide

Back 22

systematic killing of one category of people by another