Chapter 11

Front 1

Music notes are based on...

Back 1

Pitch (the psychological aspect of sound related mainlyt to the fundamental frequency)

Front 2

Octave

Back 2

The interval between two sounds frequencies having a ration of 2:1

Front 3

tone height

Back 3

Percieved pitch based on frequency

Front 4

Tone Chroma:

Back 4

Sound quality shared by tones in the same octabe

Front 5

Melody

Back 5

Sequence of sounds percieved as coherent structure; learned psychological entity
-system biased towards hearing rhythm

Front 6

Three basic components to the production of speech:

Back 6

1. Respiration (exprelling air from lungs)
2. phonation (vary tension in vocal cords)
3. Articulation (manipulate vocal tract)

Front 7

Vocal tract

Back 7

The airway above the larynx used for production of speech. Includes oral tract and nasal tract.

Front 8

Formants

Back 8

peaks in speech spectrum; listeners use relationship between formant peaks to perceive speech sounds

Front 9

Spectogram

Back 9

pattern for sound analysis

Front 10

Classifying speech sounds:
-vowel
-consonant
-dimensions

Back 10

1. vowel: open vocal tract
2. consonant: partically obstructed vocal tract
3. dimensions: place of articulation, manner of articulation

Front 11

Coarticulation

Back 11

production of one speech sound overlaps with production of the next

Front 12

segmentation problem

Back 12

where are the word boundaries?

Front 13

contextual dependence:

Back 13

context sensitivity because due to coarticulation there are no invariants
-recgonize speech sounds based on those that percede and follow it

Front 14

categorical perception

Back 14

identify sounds in distinct categories (nothing inbetween, no differences in)

Front 15

spectral contrast

Back 15

enhancement of contrast between successive sounds to undo assimilation (by coarticulation)
-use multiple acoustic cues for pattern recognition of sounds