Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
225 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
heart
|
muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and between the lungs. The pumping action of the heart circulates blood throughout the body. The heart consists of two upper chambers, the right atrium and the left atrium, and two lower chambers, the right ventricle and left ventricle. The right atrium receives blood returning from the body through the veins; the left atrium receives blood from the lungs. The left ventricle pumps blood through the arteries from the heart back to the body tissue; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. The atrial septum separates the atria and the ventricular septum separates the ventricles.
|
|
|
atrioventricular valves
|
consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves, which lie between the right atrium and the right ventricle and the left atrium and the left ventricle, respectively. Valves of the heart keep blood flowing in one direction.
|
|
|
semilunar valves
|
pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively.
|
|
|
pericardium
|
two-layer sac surrounding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer. The serous layer secretes a fluid that facilitates movement of the heart. It consists of two layers, one lining the fibrous pericardium and one covering the heart, called epicardium.
|
|
|
epicardium
|
covers the heart
|
|
|
myocardium
|
middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart
|
|
|
endocardium
|
inner lining of the heart
|
|
|
blood vessels
|
tublike structures that carry blood throughout the body
|
|
|
arteries
|
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells. The pulmonary artery, in contrast, carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the heart to the lungs.
|
|
|
arterioles
|
smallest arteries
|
|
|
aorta
|
largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen
|
|
|
veins
|
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with the exception of the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other wast products. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
|
|
|
venules
|
smallest veins
|
|
|
venae cavae
|
largest veins in the body. The inferior vena cava carries blood to the heart from body parts below the diaphragm, and the superior vena cava returns the blood to the heart from the upper part of the body.
|
|
|
capillaries
|
microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venues. Materials are passed between the blood and tissue through the capillary walls.
|
|
|
blood
|
composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes (platelets)
|
|
|
plasma
|
clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water and comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume.
|
|
|
erythrocytes
|
red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow.
|
|
|
leukocytes
|
white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are five types of white blood cells.
|
|
|
platelets (thrombocytes)
|
one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process
|
|
|
serum
|
clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed
|
|
|
lymph
|
transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma.
|
|
|
lymphatic vessels
|
similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubes that eventually become ducts in the chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest, where lymph enters through veins into the circulatory system.
|
|
|
lymph nodes
|
small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also produce lymphocytes.
|
|
|
spleen
|
located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather than lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells.
|
|
|
thymus gland
|
one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue.
|
|
|
angi/o
|
vessel (usually refers to blood vessels)
|
|
|
aort/o
|
aorta
|
|
|
arteri/o
|
artery
|
|
|
atri/o
|
atrium
|
|
|
cardi/o
|
heart
|
|
|
lymph/o
|
lymph, lymph tissue
|
|
|
myel/o
|
bone marrow
|
|
|
phleb/o, ven/o
|
vein
|
|
|
plasm/o
|
plasma
|
|
|
splen/o
|
spleen
|
|
|
thym/o
|
thymus gland
|
|
|
valv/o, valvul/o
|
valve
|
|
|
ventricul/o
|
ventricle
|
|
|
ather/o
|
yellowish, fatty plaque
|
|
|
ech/o
|
sound
|
|
|
electr/o
|
electricity, electrical activity
|
|
|
isch/o
|
deficiency, blockage
|
|
|
therm/o
|
heat
|
|
|
thromb/o
|
clot
|
|
|
brady-
|
slow
|
|
|
-ac
|
pertaining to
|
|
|
-apheresis
|
removal
|
|
|
-graph
|
instrument used to record; record
|
|
|
-penia
|
abnormal reduction in number
|
|
|
-poiesis
|
formation
|
|
|
-sclerosis
|
hardening
|
|
|
angioma
|
tumor composed of blood vessels
|
|
|
angiostenosis
|
narrowing of a blood vessel
|
|
|
aortic stenosis
|
narrowing, pertaining to aorta (narrowing of the aortic valve)
|
|
|
arteriosclerosis
|
hardening of the arteries
|
|
|
atherosclerosis
|
hardening of fatty plaque (deposited on the arterial wall)
|
|
|
bradycardia
|
condition of a slow heart (rate less than 60 beats per minute)
|
|
|
cardiomegaly
|
enlargement of the heart
|
|
|
cardiomyopathy
|
disease of the heart muscle
|
|
|
endocarditis
|
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (particularly heart valves)
|
|
|
ischemia
|
deficiency of blood flow
|
|
|
myocarditis
|
inflammation of the muscle of the heart
|
|
|
pericarditis
|
inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart
|
|
|
phlebitis
|
inflammation of a vein
|
|
|
polyarteritis
|
inflammation of many (sites in the) arteries
|
|
|
tachycardia
|
condition of a rapid heart (rate of more than 100 beats per min)
|
|
|
thrombophlebitis
|
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
|
|
|
valvulitis
|
inflammation of a valve (of the heart)
|
|
|
hematoma
|
tumor of blood (collection of blood resulting from a broken blood vessel)
|
|
|
multiple myeloma
|
tumors of the bone marrow
|
|
|
pancytopenia
|
abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells
|
|
|
thrombosis
|
abnormal condition of a (blood) clot
|
|
|
thrombus
|
(blood) clot (attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein)
|
|
|
lymphadenitis
|
inflammation of the lymph nodes
|
|
|
lymphadenopathy
|
disease of the lymph nodes (characterized by abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes associated with an infection or malignancy)
|
|
|
lymphoma
|
tumor of lymphatic tissue (malignant)
|
|
|
splenomegaly
|
enlargement of the spleen
|
|
|
thymoma
|
tumor of the thymus gland
|
|
|
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
|
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
|
|
|
aneurysm
|
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
|
|
|
angina pectoris
|
chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle
|
|
|
arrhythmia
|
any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern
|
|
|
atrial fibrillation (AFib)
|
a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. The atria quiver instead of contracting, causing irregular ventricular response and the ejection of a reduced amount of blood. The blood that remains in the atria become static, increasing the risk of clot formation, which may lead to a stroke. Two type of AFib are paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), which is intermittent, and chronic atrial fibrillation, which is sustained.
|
|
|
cardiac arrest
|
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
|
|
|
cardiac tamponade
|
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
|
|
|
coarctation of the aorta
|
congenital cardia condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
|
|
|
Congenital heart disease
|
Heart abnormality present at birth
|
|
|
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
|
Inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen (so called heart failure [HF]). Coronary artery disease is a common cause of heart failure.
|
|
|
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
|
A condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium, denying the myocardial tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function fully; most often caused by coronary atherosclerosis
|
|
|
Coronary occlusion
|
Obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from arteriosclerosis. Coronary occlusion can lead to acute myocardial infarction.
|
|
|
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
|
Condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. Most often occurs in the lower extremities. A clot can break off and traveling to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
|
|
|
Hypertensive heart disease (HDD)
|
Disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure
|
|
|
Intermittent claudication
|
Pain and discomfort in the calf muscles while walking; a condition seen in peripheral arterial disease.
|
|
|
Mitral valve stenosis
|
A narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever
|
|
|
Myocardial infarction (MI)
|
Death (necrosis) of portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (also called a heart attack)
|
|
|
Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
|
Disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in the narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery. This is caused most commonly by atherosclerosis, but occasionally by inflammatory diseases, emboli, or thrombus formation. The most common symptom of peripheral artery disease is intermittent claudication. (also called peripheral vascular disease [PVD]).
|
|
|
Rheumatic heart disease
|
Damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever
|
|
|
Varicose veins
|
Distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities
|
|
|
Anemia
|
Reduction in the number of red blood cells. Anemia may be caused by blood loss or decrease in the production or increase in the destruction of red blood cells.
|
|
|
Embolus
|
Blood clot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation
|
|
|
Hemophilia
|
Inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII
|
|
|
Leukemia
|
Malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal white blood cells formed in the bone marrow
|
|
|
Sepsis
|
A condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic inflammatory response to infection (also called septicemia)
|
|
|
Hodgkin disease
|
Malignant disorder of lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes
|
|
|
Infectious mononucleosis
|
An acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever. The disease affects mostly young people and is usually transmitted by saliva.
|
|
|
Angioplasty
|
Surgical repair of a blood vessel
|
|
|
Atherectomy
|
Excision of fatty plaque (from a blocked artery using a specialized catheter and rotary cutter)
|
|
|
Endarterectomy
|
Excision within the artery (excision of plaque from the arterial wall). This procedure is usually named for the artery to be cleaned out, such as carotid endarterectomy, which means removal of plaque from the wall of the carotid artery.
|
|
|
Pericardiocentesis
|
Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium) (used to remove fluid or air, usually to relieve cardiac tamponade)
|
|
|
Phlebectomy
|
Excision of a vein
|
|
|
Phlebotomy
|
Incision into a vein (to remove blood or to give blood or intravenous fluids) (also called venipuncture)
|
|
|
Valvuloplasty
|
Surgical repair of a valve (cardiac or Venus)
|
|
|
Splenectomy
|
Excision of the spleen
|
|
|
Splenoplexy
|
Surgical fixation of the spleen
|
|
|
Thymectomy
|
Excision of the thymus gland
|
|
|
Aneurysmectomy
|
Surgical excision of an aneurysm
|
|
|
Atrial fibrillation ablation
|
A procedure in which abnormal cells the trigger atrial fibrillation or destroyed by using radiofrequency energy
|
|
|
Cardiac pacemaker
|
Battery powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in a chamber of the heart; used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm, usually one that is too slow, secondary to an abnormal sinus node.
|
|
|
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
|
Surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries
|
|
|
Coronary stent
|
A supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery; used to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy; used to treat an artery occluded by plaque.
|
|
|
Embolectomy
|
Surgical removal of an embolus or clot, usually with a balloon catheter, inflating the balloon beyond the clot, then pulling the balloon back to the incision and bringing the clot with it.
|
|
|
Femoropopliteal bypass
|
Surgery to establish an alternate route from the femoral artery to the popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction
|
|
|
Implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)
|
A device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm. If life-threatening arrhythmias occur, the device delivers an electric shock to convert the arrhythmia back to normal rhythm
|
|
|
Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy
|
An injection of medication either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries
|
|
|
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
|
Procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed. Inflation of the balloon compresses the plaque against the vessel wall, expanding the inner diameter of the blood vessel, which allows the blood to circulate more freely (also called balloon angioplasty).
|
|
|
Bone marrow aspiration
|
A syringe is used to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease and condition of the blood cells.
|
|
|
Bone marrow biopsy
|
A needle puncture to obtain a sample of bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study; used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease and condition of the blood cells.
|
|
|
Bone marrow transplant
|
Infusion of healthy bone marrow cells from a donor with matching cells and tissue to a recipient
|
|
|
Angiography
|
Radiographic imaging of blood cells (the procedure is named for the vessel to be studied, e.g., Femoral angiography or coronary angiography)
|
|
|
Angioscope
|
Instrument used for visual examination (of the lumen) of a blood vessel
|
|
|
Angioscopy
|
Visual examination (of the lumen) of a blood vessel
|
|
|
Aortogram
|
Radiographic image of the aorta (after injection of contrast media)
|
|
|
Arteriogram
|
Radiographic image of an artery (after injection of contrast media)
|
|
|
Venogram
|
Radiographic image of a vein (after injection of contrast media)
|
|
|
Venography
|
Radiographic imaging of a vein (after injection of contrast media)
|
|
|
Echocardiogram (ECHO)
|
Record of the heart (structure and motion) using sound (used to detect valvular disease and evaluate heart function)
|
|
|
Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
|
Record of the electrical activity of the heart
|
|
|
Electrocardiograph
|
Instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart
|
|
|
Electrocardiography
|
Process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
|
|
|
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
|
Hey process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that "subtracts" or removes structures not being studied
|
|
|
Doppler ultrasound
|
A study that uses sound for detection of bloodflow within the vessels; used to assess intermittent claudication, deep vein thrombosis, and other bloodflow abnormalities
|
|
|
Exercise stress test
|
A study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill. Electrode car you on the, echocardiography, and nuclear medicine scanning are three types of test performed to measure cardiac function while exercising.
|
|
|
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
|
A nuclear medicine Stam that visualizes the heart from several different angles. A radioactive tracer substance such as sestamibi or thallium is injected intravenously. The SPECT scanner creates images from the tracer absorbed by the body tissues. It is used to assess damage to cardiac tissue.
|
|
|
Thallium test
|
The nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after coronary artery bypass surgery. Thallium, a radioactive isotope, is injected into the body intravenously; a radiation detector is placed over the heart and images are recorded. Thallium is taken up by the normal myocardial cells, but not in a ischemia or infarction. These areas are identified as "cold" spots on the images produced. Thallium testing can be performed when the patient is at rest or it can be part of a stress test.
|
|
|
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
|
An ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures.
|
|
|
Cardiac catheterization
|
An examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels. The catheter is passed into the heart through a blood vessel and is used to record pressures and inject a contrast medium, enabling the visualization of the coronary arteries, great vessels, and the heart chambers; used most frequently to evaluate chest pain and coronary artery disease (also called coronary angiography)
|
|
|
Impedance plethysmography (IPG)
|
Measures venous flow of the extremities with plethysmography to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance (impedance) in the vein; used to detect deep vein thrombosis
|
|
|
Blood pressure (BP)
|
Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls. A blood pressure measurement written as systolic pressure (120) and diastolic pressure (80) is commonly recorded as 120/80.
|
|
|
Pulse
|
The rhythmic expansion of an artery that can be felt with a finger. The pulse is most commonly felt over the radial artery; however, the pulsations can be felt over a number of sites, including the femoral and carotid arteries.
|
|
|
Sphygmomanometer
|
Device used for measuring blood pressure
|
|
|
C – reactive protein (CRP)
|
a blood test to measure the amount of C – reactive protein in the blood, which, when elevated, indicates inflammation in the body. It is sometimes used in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
|
|
|
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
|
A blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of the heart and skeletal muscles released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis. The test is useful in evaluating patients with acute myocardial infarction.
|
|
|
Homocystine
|
A blood test used to measure the amount of homocystine in the blood. Homocystine is an amino acid that, if elevated, may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
|
|
|
Lipid profile
|
A blood test used to measure the amount of lipids in a sample of blood. This test is used to evaluate the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and to monitor the therapy of existing disease. Results provide levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides.
|
|
|
Troponin
|
A blood test that measures troponin, a heart muscle enzyme. Troponins are released into the blood approximately three hours after necrosis of the heart muscle and may remain elevated from 7 to 10 days. The test is useful in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
|
|
|
Coagulation time
|
Blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot
|
|
|
Complete blood count (CBC) and differential count (Diff)
|
Basic blood screening the measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell number and morphology (size and shape), leukocyte count, and white blood cell differential (types of what white blood cells) and platelet count. The test is automated, that's done easily and rapidly, and provides a tremendous amount of information about the blood.
|
|
|
Hematocrit (HCT)
|
A blood test to measure the volume of red blood cells. It is used in the diagnosis and evaluation of anemic patients.
|
|
|
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
|
Blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying component (hemoglobin) in red blood cell
|
|
|
Prothrombin time (PT)
|
Blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin, an oral anticoagulant medication. (Activated partial thromboplastin time [PTT] is used to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking heparin, an intravenous anticoagulant medication).
|
|
|
Atrioventricular (AV)
|
Pertaining to the atrium and ventricle
|
|
|
Cardiac
|
Pertaining to the heart
|
|
|
Cardiogenic
|
Originating in the heart
|
|
|
Cardiologist
|
Physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart
|
|
|
Cardiology
|
Study of the heart (a branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the heart and blood vessels)
|
|
|
Hypothermia
|
Condition of (body) temperature that is below (normal) (sometimes induced for various surgical procedures, such as bypass surgery)
|
|
|
Intravenous (IV)
|
Pertaining to within the vein
|
|
|
Phlebologist
|
Physician who studies and treats diseases of the veins
|
|
|
Phlebology
|
Study of veins (a branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the veins)
|
|
|
Hematologist
|
Physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood
|
|
|
Hematology
|
Study of the blood (a branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood)
|
|
|
Hematopoiesis
|
Formation of blood (cells)
|
|
|
Hemolysis
|
Dissolution of (red) blood (cells)
|
|
|
Hemostasis
|
Stoppage of bleeding
|
|
|
Myelopoiesis
|
Formation of bone marrow
|
|
|
Plasmapheresis
|
Removal of plasma (from withdrawn blood)
|
|
|
Thrombolysis
|
Dissolution of a clot
|
|
|
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
|
Emergency procedure consisting of artificial ventilation and external cardiac massage
|
|
|
Defibrillation
|
Application of electrical shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm
|
|
|
Diastole
|
Phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax between contractions (diastolic is the lower number of a blood pressure reading)
|
|
|
Extracorporeal
|
Occurring outside the body. During open heart surgery extracorporeal circulation occurs when the blood is diverted outside the body to the heart-lung machine.
|
|
|
Extravasation
|
Escape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue
|
|
|
Fibrillation
|
Rapid, quivering, non-coordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles
|
|
|
Heart murmur
|
A short duration humming sound of cardiac or vascular origin
|
|
|
Hypercholesterolemia |
Excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood; associated with heightened risk of cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Hyperlipidemia
|
Excessive amount of fat (triglycerides and cholesterol) in the blood
|
|
|
Hypertension
|
Blood pressure that is above normal (greater than 140/90)
|
|
|
Hypertriglyceridemia
|
Excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood; associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease
|
|
|
Hypotension
|
Blood-pressure that is below normal (less than 90/60)
|
|
|
Lipids
|
That's an fat like substances that serve as a source of fuel in the body and are an important constituent of cell structure
|
|
|
Lumen
|
Space within a tubular part or organ, such as the space within a blood vessel
|
|
|
Occlude
|
To close tightly, to block
|
|
|
Systole
|
Phase in the cardiac cycle in which ventricles contract (systolic is the upper number of a blood pressure reading)
|
|
|
Vasoconstrictor
|
Agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels
|
|
|
Vasodilator
|
Agent or nerve that enlarges the blood vessels
|
|
|
Venipuncture
|
Puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill a medication, or start an intravenous infusion
|
|
|
Anticoagulant
|
Agent that slows the blood clotting process
|
|
|
Blood dyscrasia
|
Abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
|
|
|
Hemorrhage
|
Rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding
|
|
|
Allergen
|
An environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypersensitivity in the body (allergy). Common allergens our house dust, pollen, animal dander, and various foods here
|
|
|
Allergist
|
A physician who studies and treats allergic condition
|
|
|
Allergy
|
Hypersensitivity to a substance, resulting in an inflammatory immune response
|
|
|
Anaphylaxis
|
An exaggerated, life-threatening reaction to a previously encountered antigen such as bee venom, peanuts, or latex. Symptoms range from mild, with patients experiencing hives or sneezing, to severe symptoms such as a drop in blood pressure and blockage of the airway, which can also lead to death within minutes (also called anaphylactic shock).
|
|
|
Antibody
|
a substance produced by lymphocytes that inactivates or destroys antigens (also called immunoglobulins)
|
|
|
Antigen
|
A substance that triggers an immune response when introduced into the body. Examples of antigens are transplant tissue, toxins, and infectious organisms.
|
|
|
Autoimmune disease
|
A disease caused by the body's inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissue. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are examples of autoimmune diseases.
|
|
|
Immune
|
Being resistant to a specific invading pathogen
|
|
|
Immunodeficiency
|
Deficient immune response caused by the immune system dysfunction brought on by disease (HIV infection) or immunosuppressive drugs (prednisone)
|
|
|
Immunologist
|
a physician who studies and treats immune system disorder
|
|
|
Immunology
|
The branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders
|
|
|
Phagocytosis
|
A process in which some of the white blood cells destroy the invading microorganisms and old cells
|
|
|
Vaccine
|
A suspension of inactivated microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity
|
|
|
HDD
|
Hypertensive heart disease
|
|
|
ICD
|
Implantable cardiac defibrillator
|
|
|
IPG
|
Impedance plethysmography
|
|
|
IV
|
Intravenous
|
|
|
MI
|
Myocardial infarction
|
|
|
PAD
|
Peripheral arterial disease
|
|
|
PT
|
Prothrombin time
|
|
|
PTCA
|
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
|
|
|
RBC
|
Red blood cell (erythrocyte)
|
|
|
SPECT
|
Single photon emission computed tomography
|
|
|
TEE
|
Transesophageal echocardiogram
|
|
|
WBC
|
White blood cell (leukocyte)
|
