Chapter 10 Bio

Front 1

List the names of the scientists who are giving credit for discovering the structure of DNA

Back 1

James Watson and Francis Crick

Front 2

What type of macromolecules are DNA and RNA

Back 2

Nucleic acids

Front 3

What is the shape of a DNA molecule

Back 3

Double helix

Front 4

What does DNA stand for?

Back 4

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 5

Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of what

Back 5

DNA

Front 6

List 3 parts of a nucleotide that are used to make DNA molecules

Back 6

5 carbon sugar

Deoxyribose

Phosphoric acid

Front 7

List for nitrogen bases found in DNA nucleotides

Back 7

Guanine cytosine thymine adenine

Front 8

Which part of DNA is nucleotide named after

Back 8

Nucleic acid

Front 9

What type of chemical bonds holds left and right side of DNA together

Back 9

Hydrogen bonds

Front 10

What are nitrogen base pairing rules for DNA

Back 10

Guanine bonds with cytosine and adenine bonds with thymine

Front 11

What would be the base sequence on a complementary strand ACC TGG AGAIN CTA

Back 11

TGG CAAN TCT GAT

Front 12

During which step of interphase does DNA replication occur?

Back 12

S phase

Front 13

Explain what is a gene

Back 13

A specific order or sequence of DNA base (nucleotides) on one strafe that codes for a specific protein to be made

Front 14

Where does DNA replication occur

Back 14

Nucleus

Front 15

In 3 steps describe how DNA replication in a living cell to make an exact copy of the original chromosome

Back 15

1. The enzyme helicase unzips the DNA in the nucleus

2. Free nucleotides move into the nucleus fasten onto the complementary bases of each strand

3. New nucleotides form a complete complementary strand exactly like the old one

Front 16

Why does everyone new copy of a chromosome contain one old strand of DNA connected to a new strand

Back 16

Due to the base pairing rules the old strand of DNA forces the new strand to not only be complementary but also an exact copy of the strand it is replacing

Front 17

What us a mutation

Back 17

A change in the basement sequence of a gene on the DNA molecule sometimes resulting in the production of a different protein

Front 18

What does RNA stand for

Back 18

Ribonucleic acid

Front 19

List 3 chemical parts of RNA

Back 19

1. Ribose

2. Phosphoric acid

3. One of the 4 nitrogen containing bases

Front 20

List 4 nitrogen bases in rna

Back 20

Guanine cytosine ucacil adenine

Front 21

What are the base pairing rules for rna molecule bonds

Back 21

Guanine bonds with cytosine and adenine bonds with uracil

Front 22

What is the difference between Deoxyribose sugar and ribose sugar

Back 22

Deoxyribose sugar has one less oxygen atom

Front 23

List the 4 difference between DNA and RNA

Back 23

DNA has a double helix while rna has a single helix. DNA has Deoxyribose sugar while rna has ribose sugar. DNA has adenine-thymine while rna has adenine uracil. DNA stays in the nucleus and RNA leaves the nucleus

Front 24

List 3 types of rna

Back 24

mRNA tRNA and rRNA

Front 25

What's a codon

Back 25

Each group of three bases on the mRNA that will specify a specific amino acid which will be used to build a protein.

Front 26

tRNA contains anticodon. What's an anticodon

Back 26

A group of 3 bases, complements the codon of the mRNA

Front 27

What is the main function of the tRNA molecule

Back 27

Transferring, bringing in the amino acids used to build a protein

Front 28

List 2 molecules that together make a ribosomes

Back 28

mRNA tRNA

Front 29

Define transcription

Back 29

The copying of A genetic message from a strand of DNA into a molecule of mRNA

Front 30

Where does transcription take place

Back 30

Nucleus

Front 31

During transcription DNA nucleotides must bond with RNA nucleotides. What are the base pairing rules for DNA to rna nucleotides?

Back 31

DNA nucleotide guanine bonds with RNA nucleotide cytosine and vise versa.

DNA nucleotide adenine bonds with RNA nucleotide thymine. DNA nucleotide thymine bonds with RNA nucleotide adenine.

Front 32

In 3 steps describe process of transcription

Back 32

1. DNA strands in the nucleus unwind, hydrogen bonds between bases are broken, exposes Gene, a specific sequence or order of bases.

2. Gene's sequence of bases is copied by making a strand of mRNA, using RNA controlled by enzyme polymerase.

3. The sequence of bases, also called the codons on the mRNA carries the genetic code from the DNA

Front 33

Does the entire DNA molecule unwind in order for transcription to take place. Explain what happens.

Back 33

No, only the section that has the general that will be transcripted into the mRNA

Front 34

Which enzyme controls transcription

Back 34

Polymerase

Front 35

One mRNA is made in transcription where does it go now?

Back 35

Translation

Front 36

Define translation

Back 36

The process by which the information coded in mRNA is used for the assembly of a particular protein using the genetic code

Front 37

What macromolecules is the basic building blocks of proteins

Back 37

Amino acids

Front 38

Where does translation take place

Back 38

Cytoplasm

Front 39

In 5 steps describe translation

Back 39

1. mRNA leaves the nucleus traveling to the cytosol or the endoplasmic reticulum to find a ribosome.

2. Within the cytoplasm, amino acid molecules become attached to their specific tRNA molecules- determined by their anticodon.

3. tRNA with the right anticodon temporarily joins (by hydrogen bonds) with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

4. The amino acid brought into position by the tRNA joins the last amino acid in the chain and then separates from the tRNA.

5. As the ribosome moves along, the tRNA that has delivered the last amino acid us released when it's amino acid is bonded to the polypeptide.

Front 40

What is the name of the type of chemical bonds that holds together the amino acids to make a polypeptide

Back 40

Dehydration synthesis

Front 41

CUA AGA GUU ACC

Back 41

GAU UCU CAA UGG

Front 42

List 3 main reasons why one protein created during translation different from other proteins

Back 42

1. Made in different order

2. Different # of amino acids

3. Cross-bonding

Front 43

Define genetic code

Back 43

The rules for how the 3base codon sequences found on the mRNA molecules calls for a specific amino acid which will be used to create a polypeptide

Front 44

Explain genetic code universal

Back 44

Because every living thing uses the same genetic code

Front 45

Explain why a mutation in the sequence of nucleotides of a gene may or may not change the protein made during translation

Back 45

Not all base mutations will change the protein produced but a change in the amino acids found in a protein will cause the protein to have a different shapes and may change the ability of the molecule to function properly.