Chapter 10

Front 1

Emotion

Back 1

Feelings that involve subjective evaluation, physiological processes, and cognitive beliefs

Front 2

Alexithymia

Back 2

causes people to not experience the subjective components of emotions. physiological messages associated w emotions do not reach the brain centers that interpret emotion

Front 3

Primary emotions

Back 3

evolutionarily adaptive, shared across cultures & associated with specific physical states: include anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness & possibly surprise & contempt

Front 4

Secondary emotions

Back 4

Blends of primary emotions: include remorse, guilt, submission & anticipation

Front 5

Arousal

Back 5

physiological activation (ie increased brain activity) or increased autonomic responses (ie increased heart rate, sweating or muscle tension)

Front 6

Circumplex model

Back 6

on a circumplex map, emotions arranged in circle w center intersection of two core dimensions of affect

Front 7

Valence

Back 7

indicates how negative or positive emotions are

Front 8

Activation

Back 8

indicates how arousing emotions are

Front 9

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Back 9

bodily perception comes before the feeling of emotions

Front 10

Positive activation states appear to be associated with

Back 10

increase in dopamine

Front 11

Negative activation states appear associated with

Back 11

increase in norepinephrine

Front 12

Crying results mainly when

Back 12

negative events leave us unable to respond behaviorally to the emotions we are feeling

Front 13

Crying may relieve stress

Back 13

thru activation of the parasympathetic NS

Front 14

Crying might serve a social function

Back 14

by bringing sympathy & social support from others

Front 15

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Back 15

if you mold your facial muscles to mimic an emotional state, you activate the associated emotion

Front 16

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

Back 16

info from an emotion-producing stimulus is processed in subcortical structures so we experience two separate things at roughly the same time: an emotion & a physical rxn

Front 17

Limbic system

Back 17

brain structures that border the cerebral cortex, regions involved in emotion

Front 18

Two most important brain regions for understanding emotion

Back 18

amygdala & prefrontal cortex

Front 19

Amygdala

Back 19

process emotional significance of stimuli & generates immediate emotional & behavioral rxns

Front 20

Joseph LeDoux

Back 20

processing of emotion in amygdala is a circuit that has developed over course of evolution to protect animals from danger

Front 21

People with damage to the amygdala

Back 21

show fear when confronted with dangerous subjects but do not develop conditioned fear responses to objects associated with dangerous objects

Front 22

Fast path

Back 22

sensory info from thalamus to amygdala for priority processing

Front 23

Slower path

Back 23

leads to more deliberate & thorough evaluations, sensory material from thalamus to cortex (visual or auditory) where info is scrutinized in greater depth before passed along to amygdala for priority processing

Front 24

Emotional events are especially likely

Back 24

to be stored in memory

Front 25

Emotional events likely to increase activity in amygdala

Back 25

increased activity likely to improve long-term memory for event

Front 26

Amygdala modifies how

Back 26

hippocampus consolidates memory, esp for fearful events

Front 27

Amygdala is also involved in

Back 27

perception of social stimuli as when we decipher emotional meanings of other people's facial expressions

Front 28

Richard Davidson found that greater activation of right prefrontal cortex

Back 28

associated w negative affect

Front 29

Greater activation of left hemisphere

Back 29

associated w positive affect (CEREBRAL ASYMMETRY)

Front 30

People can be dominant in

Back 30

one hemisphere of their frontal lobes & that dominant hemisphere can bias their emotions

Front 31

Those who tend to move eyes to right

Back 31

left hemi dominant & to left are right hemi dominant

Front 32

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

Back 32

situation evokes a physiological response ie arousal & cognitive interpretation or emotion label

Front 33

Whatever the person believes caused the emotion

Back 33

will determine how the person labels the emotion

Front 34

Misattribution of arousal

Back 34

misidentified source of arousal

Front 35

Excitation transfer

Back 35

residual physiological arousal caused by one event is transferred to a new stimulus

Front 36

Humor

Back 36

simple effective method of regulating negative emotions

Front 37

Thought suppression & rumination

Back 37

two common mistakes people make when trying to regulate mood

Front 38

Distraction

Back 38

best way to avoid problems that come with mistakes

Front 39

Laughter stimulates

Back 39

endocrine secretion, improves the immune system & stimulates the release of hormones, dopamine, serotonin & endorphins

Front 40

When people laugh they experience

Back 40

rises in circulation, blood pressure, skin temperature & heart rate along with decrease in pain perception

Front 41

Trying to suppress negative thoughts often leads to

Back 41

rebound effect in which people think more about something after suppression than before

Front 42

Rumination

Back 42

thinking about, elaborating & focusing on undesired thoughts or feelings, prolongs mood, impedes successful mood regulation strategies ie distracting or focusing on solutions for the problem

Front 43

Distraction

Back 43

doing something else, absorbs attention, but sometimes backfires, ends up in maladaptive behaviors

Front 44

Knight Dunlap

Back 44

showed mouth better conveys emotion than eyes esp for positive affect, but eyes important in communicating emotion

Front 45

Display rules

Back 45

rules learned thru socialization that dictate which emotions are suitable to given situations

Front 46

Affect as info theory (Schwarz & Clore)

Back 46

we use current moods to make judgments and appraisals, even if we do not know the sources of our moods

Front 47

Somatic marker

Back 47

bodily reaction that arises from emotional evaluation of an action's consequences

Front 48

Motivation

Back 48

factors that energize, direct or sustain behavior

Front 49

Need

Back 49

state of biological or social deficiency

Front 50

Need hierarchy

Back 50

maslow's arrangement of needs in which basic survival needs must be met before people can satisfy higher needs

Front 51

Self-actualization

Back 51

state achieved when one's personal dreams & aspirations have been attained

Front 52

Drive

Back 52

psychological state that by creating arousal, motivates an organism to satisfy a need

Front 53

Humanistic psychology

Back 53

views people as striving toward personal fulfillment

Front 54

Homeostasis

Back 54

tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium

Front 55

Incentives

Back 55

external objects or external goals, rather than internal drives, motivate behaviors