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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Categories of developmental psychology |
–Social Development –Cognitive Development –Moral Development |
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Fundamental need to form strong and stable interpersonal relationships |
Need to belong |
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An emotional tie between two individuals. |
Attachment
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attachment in infants is characterized by |
–Desire for physical contact –Anxiety when separated (lack of Biological function giver) |
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causation for different attachment styles |
– Partly due to temperament – Partly due to parenting style |
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avoid closeness & less invested in relationships |
Avoidant attachment |
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possessive & jealous |
Anxious/Ambivalent attachment |
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easy to get close to others, not too dependent, & satisfying relationships |
Secure attachment |
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argue that infant attachment influences adult relationships |
Shaver and Hazan |
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Adult Attachment Styles |
Avoidant Anxious/Ambivalent Secure |
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Idea that children’s logic is systematically different from adults |
Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget) |
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concept that organizes & interprets information. E.g. Chairs have four legs, a seat, and a back. If something has these elements, it’s a chair |
Schema |
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Ways of Modifying schemas |
Assimilation and accommodation |
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Interpreting new information in terms of existing schemas |
Assimilation (E.g. stimulus generalization) |
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Adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information. Existing schemas adapted/expanded. New schemas developed |
Accommodation |
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Four Stages of Development |
Sensorimotor (0-2) Preoperational (2-7) Concrete Operational (7-12) Formal Operational (12-adult) |
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Exploring and sensing the world around us. Information mostly assimilated |
Sensorimotor phase |
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Words and symbols used to represent objects. Thinking tends to be one-dimensional. - Lacks concept of conservation. - Egocentric |
Preoperational Stage |
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Inability to take another’s POV |
Egocentric |
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Understanding that what is in your mind (and others’) is unknown. Allows children to better understand other’s emotional states. You begin to understand that other’s have a different view of the world than you – Ability to lie |
Theory of mind |
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Moral emotion that allows an individual to feel what others feel |
Empathy |
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Grasp logical rules grounded in experience and reality. Can understand basic mathematical rules. Reasoning restricted to things they know and can interact with (not abstract objects) |
Concrete Operational Stage |
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recalling information relative to reality |
Transitive Inference |
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Reasoning abstractly and evaluate logical propositions independent of personal experience |
Formal Operational Stage |
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Criticisms of Cognitive Development
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•More flexibility with regard to some of the capabilities in each stage •Some children wax and wane in the stages •Rigid structure – not all children use the same logic to solve the problems |
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Tested by presenting a moral dilemma and having people say what they would do and why. Developed by Kohlberg |
Moral Development |
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Stages of Kohlbers Moral Development |
Preconventional Conventional Post-conventional |
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Stage where decisions based on self-interest and/or pleasurable/unpleasurable outcome. Avoid punishment/get rewards |
Preconventional |
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Stage of following rules because they are the rules/concern about other’s disapproval |
Conventional |
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Stage where abstract morality/value of life/moral decisions fall in a “grey” area –Certain basic rights supersede social contracts –More deliberation concerning decision |
Post-conventional (some people never develop to here) |
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What are the varying psychological characteristics across someones life span? Interested in prenatal studies |
Developmental Psychology |
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Studies involving body contact/comfort important for attachment. Wire mother and cloth mother with monkey |
Harry and Margaret Harlow Studies |
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earliest sign of personality |
Temperament |
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Care givers must always try to comfort their children. Without, this may to lead to a child's... |
Insure attachment style |
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Study for attachment styles |
Ainsworth's Strange Situation Test |
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Distribution of attachment styles |
70% Secure 30% Insecure (20% Avoidant, 10% Anxious) |
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stages of development are based largely on |
errors children make. children try to make sense of their experiences |
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When an object is placed in the infant's hand and strokes their palm, the fingers will close and they will grasp it |
palmer grasp reflex |
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understanding that when something is out of your sight, it still exists |
Lack of Object Permanence |
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being able to see an object for many different uses |
Functionality Flexibility (Abstract viewing) |
