Chapter 1 The Human Body: Orientation

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Is the study of the structure of the human body

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

Is the study of body function

Front 3

Gross Anatomy

Back 3

- Gross = Large

- Is the study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye

- Ex. Bones, lungs, muscles

Front 4

What is an important technique for studying gross anatomy?

Back 4

- Dissection ("cut apart")

- Connective tissue is removed from between the body organs so that the organs can be seen more clearly

Front 5

Regional Anatomy

Back 5

- All structures in a single body region, such as the abdomen or head, are examined as a group

- Medical school approach

Front 6

Systemic Anatomy

Back 6

- All the organs with related functions are studied together

- College approach

Front 7

Surface Anatomy

Back 7

The study of shapes and markings (called landmarks) on the surface of the body that reveals the underlying organs

Front 8

Microscopic Anatomy? Histology?

Back 8

- Histology ("tissue study")

- Is the study of structures that are so small they can be seen only with a microscope

Front 9

Developmental Anatomy

Back 9

Traces the changes that occur in the body throughout the life span and the effects of aging

Front 10

Embryology

Back 10

Is the study of how body structures form and develop before birth

Front 11

Pathological Anatomy

Back 11

- Pathology is the study of disease

- Deals with the structural changes in cells, tissues, and organs caused by disease

Front 12

Radiographic Anatomy

Back 12

Is the study of internal body structures by means of X-ray studies and other imaging techniques

Front 13

Functional Morphology

Back 13

Explores the functional properties of body structures and assesses the efficiency of their design

Front 14

The Hierarchy of Structural Organization

Back 14

Chemical Level

Cellular Level

Tissue Level

Organ Level

Organ Sytem Level

Organismal Level

Front 15

Anatomical Position

Back 15

- A person stands erect with feet flat on the ground, toes pointing forward, and eyes facing forward

- The palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body

Front 16

Regional Terms

Back 16

are names of specific body areas

Front 17

The fundamental divisions of the body?

Back 17

-Axial Region makes up the main axis of the body, consists of the head, neck, and trunk

- Appendicular Region consists of the limbs, which are also called appendages or extremities

Front 18

Frontal (coronal) Plane

Back 18

Extends vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Front 19

Transverse (horizontal) Plane

Back 19

- Runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

- Also called a cross section

Front 20

Sagittal Planes

Back 20

Are vertical, like frontal planes, but divide the body into right and left parts

Front 21

Median Plane or Midsagittal Plane

Back 21

The specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline

Front 22

Parasagittal

Back 22

All other sagittal planes, offset from the midline

Front 23

Oblique Section

Back 23

Cuts made along any plane that lies diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical

Front 24

How many cells make up the human?

Back 24

- 100 trillion cells

- 210 distinctive cell types

Front 25

What basic features do all vertebrates share?

Back 25

1. Tube-within-a-tube body plan

2. Bilateral symmetry

3. Dorsal hollow nerve cord

4. Notochord and Vertebrate

5. Segmentation

6. Pharyngeal Pouches

Front 26

Humans belong to the group of animals called?

Back 26

Vertebrates

Front 27

Microscopy

Back 27

is the examination of small structures with a microscope