Chapter 1 Textbook.

Front 1

Situational 2 pt

Back 1

is our behavior motivated by situation or by the type of person we are? Both the situation and the personality contribute to behavior.

Front 2

Personality is... 2 pt

Back 2

what makes you different fro the person sitting next to you.

consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual.

Front 3

Individual differences 2 pt

Back 3

consistent patterns of behavior. Personality is consistent. can be identified across time and across situations.

Front 4

what are the six approaches to personality?

Back 4

Humanistic

behavioral/social learning

biological

trait approach

psychoanalytical

cognitive

Front 5

Why six approaches? 4 pt

Back 5

1. suggest that by combining all six approaches we can obtain the larger, accurate picture on why people act the way they do.
2. Sometimes this leads to incompatibilities.
3. Psychologists align themselves with the theory that suits their needs.
4. It must be obvious that not all theories can be correct at one time.

Front 6

Cultural theory in personality 3pt

Back 6

1. the notion that theories that may be applicable in western, developed cultures may not be applicable in others and
2. Therefore the culture may dictate differences in approach and how personalities develop.
3. People and personalities exist within a cultural context.

Front 7

Individualistic cultures 4 pt

Back 7

1. triandis
2. most nothern european countries and united states.
3. place great emphasis on idividual needs and accomplishements.
4. people consider themselves independent and unique.

Front 8

Collectivist cultures 4 pt

Back 8

1. concerned with belonging to a larger group. family, tribe, nation.
2. more interested in cooperation than competition.
3. more satisfaction from group success than individual success.
4. personal recognition may even be frowned upon.

Front 9

What are the four components necessary for the complete understanding of personality?

Back 9

Theory

Applications

Assessment

Research

Front 10

Theory 4 pt

Back 10

1. comprehensive model for how human personality is constructed and how it operates.
2. explain the mechanisms that underlie human personality and how these mechanisms are responsible for creating behaviors.
3. Attempt to explain how differences in personality
4. develop and methods for changing personality based on theories.

Front 11

Application 7 pt. incl how 4 subsect uses application.

Back 11

1. include psychotherepy education and behavior in the workplace.
2. Applying information gained from theories and research to questions and issues that directly affect peoples lives.
3. most obvious way personality psychologists use their theories is through psychotherapy.
4. psychoanalytic- attend to unconsious causes.
5. humanistic- work in a nondirective manner to provide proper atmosphere in which clients can explore feelings.
6. cognitive- try to change the way clients process information
7. behaviorists- structure enviroment so that desired behaviors increase in frequency and undesired behaviors decrease

Front 12

Assessment 5 pt. 2 def. psychoanalitic 2 pt. Behavior 1 pt.

Back 12

1. develop ways to measure the personality constructs they study and use. Measuring personality.
2. many use self report inventories where test takers answer questions about themselves.
3. psychoanalytic psycholigosts are more intersted in what people are unable to describe directly.
4. they do so by asking clients to respond to ambiguous stimuli and then trained psychologists interperet.
5. behavioral would analyze peoples behavior.

Front 13

Research 2 pt

Back 13

1. Information relevant to that approach to personality.
2. Research topics for each of the approaches to see how theories generate research and how findings from one study typically lead to new questions and more research.

Front 14

Genetic vs. Enviromental influences 3 pt

how are these questions implemented by different subsects

Back 14

1. a subsect of theory. one of the questions to be asked in developing a theory. To what extent are our personalities the result of inherited predispositions, and to what extent are they shaped by the enviroment in which we grow up?
2. Biological and trait theorists argue that too often psychologists fail to recognize the importance of inherited predispositions.
3. less emphasized by behavior/social and humanistic, cognitive theorists.

Front 15

Conscious vs. unconcious determents of behavior 7 pt

how are these questions implemented by different subsects

Back 15

1. to what extent are people aware of the causes of their behavior.
2. analyzes the awareness of the person.
3. a question involved in developing theory. emphasized by the psychoanalytic theorists.
4. behaviorist theory stresses that people do not in reality understand the reasons for their actions (skinner)
5. trait and cognitive theorists think that people can report on their own behavior and therefore assume people can identify their levels of social anxiety or how they organize information in memories. assumes selfawareness.
6. cognitive think that much of this takes place on a level below consciousness.
7. humanists take a middle ground approach.

Front 16

Free Will versus Determinism.

how are these questions implemented by different subsects

Back 16

1. to what extent do we decide our own fate, to what extent are our behaviors determined by forces outside our control?
2. skinner argues that behavior is not freely chosen but rather result of enviromental forces and history of experiences. behavioralist.
3. Psychoanalytic theorists emphasize innate needs and unconscious mechanisms that leaves much behavior outside our control.
4. Humanists identify personal choice and responsibility as cornerstone for mental health.
5. Trait, biological, and cognitive theorists fall somewhere inbetween. emphaize genetic predispositions and lemit development in certain areas.
6. cognative often encourage their clients to recognize how they cause many of their own problems to stragetize to avoid future difficulties.