Chapter 1- Psychology: The Evolution Of A Science

Front 1

Nativism

Back 1

philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn (Plato)

Front 2

Philosophical Empiricism

Back 2

all knowledge is acquired through experience (Aristotle)

Front 3

Dualism

Back 3

view that the mind and body function separately
(not right)

Front 4

Structuralism

Back 4

Applying methods from physiology to psychology.
analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind

Front 5

Consciousness

Back 5

person's subjective experience of the world and the mind

Front 6

Introspection

Back 6

subjective observation of one's own experience

Front 7

Functionalism

Back 7

study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment

Front 8

Hysteria

Back 8

temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions

Front 9

Psychoanalysis

Back 9

therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders
(fell out of favor b/c pessimism and lack of testability)

Front 10

Behaviorism

Back 10

approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior
(can be measured objectively)
(Stimulus-response)

Front 11

Reinforcement

Back 11

consequences of a behavior that determine whether it will be more or less likely that the behavior occur again
(ignored mental processes and evolutionary history)

Front 12

Gestalt Psychology

Back 12

approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of parts

Front 13

Cognitive Psychology

Back 13

study of mental processes, including preception, thought, memory, and reasoning
(experiment- subjects often remembered what should have happened or what was expected, not what did happen in the story)

Front 14

Social Psychology

Back 14

subfield that studies the causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior
(experiment- cyclists rode faster when with other cyclists compared to riding alone)

Front 15

Cultural Psychology

Back 15

values, traditions, and beliefs that are shared by a particular group of people

absolutism- culture makes little or no difference for most psychological phenomena

Front 16

APA

Back 16

over 150,000 members- equally divided by sex