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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Multiple axis joint action where flexion is combined with abduction, and then adduction or extension and hyperextension are combined with abduction and then adduction. |
Circumduction |
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Action at the shoulder and hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated toward the body from anatomical position. |
Internal Rotation |
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Action at the shoulder and hip joint where the articulating bone is rotated away from the body from anatomical position. |
External Rotation |
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Joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move laterally toward the thumb in the frontal plane. |
Radial Deviation |
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Joint action at the wrist that causes the hand to move medially toward the little finger in the frontal plane. |
Ulnar Deviation |
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Movement away from the midline in the transverse plane. |
Horizontal Adduction |
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Inferior movement of the bone. |
Depression |
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Superior movement of the bone. |
Elevation |
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The turning of a structure around its long axis. |
Rotation |
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Movement toward the midline in the transverse plane. |
Horizontal Adduction |
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A fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between the vertebrae of the spinal column. |
Intervertebral Disc. |
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A spinal position that retains the three natural curves; a small lordotic curve at the base of the neck, a small hyphotic curve at the middle back, and a small lordotic curve in the lower back. |
Neutral Spine |
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An abnormal convex (outward) curvature of the upper portion of the spinal column, sometimes called a humpback or hunchback. |
Kyphosis |
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Anterior curvature of the spine, creating a swayback appearance. |
Lordosis |
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Movement toward the midline. |
Adduction |
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Movement away from the midline. |
Abduction |
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Confined to the ankle; consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces medially. |
Inversion |
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Confined to the ankle; consists of turning the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces laterally. |
Eversion |
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Unique rotation of the forearm which crosses the radius and ulna. The palm faces posterior. |
Pronation |
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Foot movement towards the plantar surface. |
Plantar Flexion. |
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Movement of the ball of the foot towards the shin. |
Dorsi Flexion |
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Movement back to the anatomical position or additionally posterior to function range of motion. |
Retraction |
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Movement of a structure toward the anterior surface in a straight horizontal line. |
Protraction |
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Spinal movement to the left or right occurs at the neck and trunk. |
Lateral Flexion |
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To straighten or extend; in hinge joints the articulating bones move away from each other; in ball and socket joints, the limb moves posterior to the midaxillary line |
Extension |
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To bend; in hinge joints, the articulating bones move closer together; in ball and socket joints, the limp moves anterior to the midaxillary line. |
Flexion |
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Extending inward in relation to a surface layer. |
Deep |
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Shallow proximity in relation to a surface. |
Superficial |
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On, or relating to, the opposite side of the body. |
Contralateral |
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On, or relating to, the same side of the body. |
Ipsilateral |
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Situated or extending away from the medial plane of the body. |
Lateral |
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At, in, near, or being the center; dividing a person into right and left halves. |
Medial |
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Situated farthest from the point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone. |
Distal |
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Situated nearest the point of attachment or origin. |
Proximal |
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Rear of the structure |
Posterior |
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Front |
Anterior |
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Crease of the axilla (underarm) |
Anterior axillary line |
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A perpendicular line drawn downward from the apex of the Axilla (underarm) |
Midaxillary line |
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The median plane of the body |
Midline |
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A reference posture used in anatomical description in which the subject stands erect with feet parallel and arms adducted and supinated, with palms facing forwards. |
Anatomical Position |
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A protein in muscle that together with Myosin functions in muscle contraction. It is commonly referred to as the thin contractile protein. |
Actin |
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Filaments, made up of Actin and Myosin, that are the structure units of a myofibril. |
Myofilaments |
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Threadlike fibrals that make up the contractile part of a striated muscle fiber. |
Myofibrals |
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Thickened connective tissue that envelopes a muscle or a group of muscles. |
Muscle Facia |
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Describes joints that stretch further than is normal. |
Hypermobility |
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Tiny fluid filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body. |
Bursa |
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A layer of connective tissue which lines the joint and produces synovial fluid. |
Synovial Membrane |
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A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones. |
Tendons |
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Tough fibrous band of connective tissue that supports internal organs and holds bones together properly in joints. |
Ligaments |
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The dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons. |
Perioseum |
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A sac enclosing a joint, formed by an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane. |
Joint Capsule |
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A plane or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the articular surfaces of the bones. |
Articular Discs |
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Plane joint, pivot joint, hinge joint, condyloid joint, saddle joint, and ball and socket joint. |
Synovial Joints |
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Spinal vertebrae, metacarple, and metatarsals. |
Plane Joint |
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Neck, forearm, radius, and ulna. |
Pivot Joint |
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Knee, elbow, fingers, and toes. |
Hinge Joint |
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Wrist Joint |
Condyloid Joint |
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Thumb joint (only one in the body) |
Saddle Joint |
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Shoulder and Hip Joint. |
Ball and Socket Joint |
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Cartilage that allows for greater movement capabilities due to its flexible nature. |
Fibrocartilage |
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A tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx. |
Hyaline Cartilage |
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Contains synovial fluid and allows for considerable movement between articulating bones. |
Synovial Joint |
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Unites two bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. |
Cartilaginous Joint |
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Consists of two bones that are united by fibrous tissue and exhibit little or no movement. |
Fibrous Joint |
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A point of articulation between two or more bones, especially such a connection that allows motion. |
Joint |
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The mineral content in a given volume of bone, used as a measure of bone health and in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. |
Bone mineral density |
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The volume of bone in the body measured by mineral content. |
Bone Mass |
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Transverse cartilage plate near the end of a childs bone, responsible for growth in length of the bone. |
Epiphyseal Plates |
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Process of bone formation whereby a cartilage model is replaced by bone. |
Endochondral Growth |
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Growth by the addition of new layers on those previously formed. Tissue formed of rigid material. |
Appositional Growth |