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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
Study of structure and relationships among structures |
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Physiology |
The function of body parts |
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Basic life processes |
Movement, reproduction, differentiation, metabolism, growth, and responsiveness |
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Histology |
Study of tissues |
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Metabolism |
Break down of large complex molecules (catabolism), build up of complex molecules (anabolism) |
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Responsiveness |
Ability to detect and respond to changes in internal and external environment |
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Movement |
Motion of the whole body |
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Growth |
Increase in size |
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Differentiation |
When unspecified cells becomes specialized cells |
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Reproduction |
Formation of new cells through cell division |
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Prone |
Anatomical position lying face down |
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Supine |
Anatomical position lying face up |
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Dorsal/ posterior cavity |
Cranial and vertebral cavity |
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Ventral cavity |
Thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity (peritoneum cavity) |
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Serous membrane |
Covers viscera and lines walls of thoracic abdomen |
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Parietal layer |
Thin epithelium that lines walls of body cavities |
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Visceral layer |
Thin epithelium that covers and adheres to viscera w/in body cavities |
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Homeostasis |
A condition of balance in the body's internal environment |
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Disorder |
Sign is measurable, objective Ex: fever, swelling |
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Disease |
Symptom is subjective, differs w/ patient Ex: pain nausea |
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Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion |
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Channel mediated facilitated diffusion |
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Ion channel Allows specific ions to move through membrane |
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Carrier (transfor) Transport specific substance across membrane by changing shape |
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Receptor Recognize specific ligand and alter cells function in some way |
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Enzyme (integral & peripheral) Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell |
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Linker (integral & peripheral) Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane for structure and shape |
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Cell identity marker (glycoprotein) Distinguishes cells |
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Cytosol (intracellular fluid) |
In cytoplasm a Reactions occur |
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Centrosome |
Cell division Move chromosomes |
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Ribosomes |
Builds proteins Forms peptide bonds |
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
Has ribosomes Modifies and transports proteins |
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
Produces fatty acids and steroids Inactivates and detoxifies harmful substances |
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Golgi complex |
To sort, modify, packages, and transports proteins |
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Lysosomes (yellow) |
Digesting for cells Acidic ph |
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Peroxides (grey) |
Oxidizing and removing free radicals |
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Mitochondrion |
Produces ATP cellular respiration |
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Nucleus |
Control center Entire structure |
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Nucleolus |
Produce subunits of ribosomes |
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Nuclear envelope |
Contains all DNA Layer |
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Chromatin |
DNA fibers |
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Integumentary |
Skin, hair, nails Protects body, regulates body temp, provides insulation |
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Skeletal |
Bones, joints, cartilages Supports and protects body, aids body movement |
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Muscular |
Skeletal muscle, tissue, tendon Participates in body movement, maintains posture and produces heat |
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Nervous |
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, ears Generates action potentials to regulate body activities |
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Endocrine |
Pineal gland, thyroid gland, hypothalamus, ovaries, testes, etc Regulates body activities by releasing hormones |
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Cardiovascular |
Blood, heart, blood vessels, vein, artery Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells, defends against disease, repairs damaged blood vessels |
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Lymphatic |
Thymus, thoracic duct, spleen, lymph node, tonsil, etc Returns lipids through GI tract, protects against disease |
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Respiratory |
Lungs, trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchial tubes Transfers oxygen to blood, exhale carbon dioxide, produce sound |
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Digestive |
Mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small and large intestine, anus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary gland Physical and chemical break down of food, absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste |
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Urinary |
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Produces stones, and eliminates urine, helps production of red blood cells |
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Reproductive |
Testicles, ovaries, uterines, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, prostate, epididymides, seminal vesicles, ductus deferences, penis Produce gametes, transport and store gametes |
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Early prophase |
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Mid prophase |
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Late prophase |
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Metaphase |
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Early anaphase |
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Mid anaphase |
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Late anaphase |
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Telophase |
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Glycocalyx |
Glycoprotein and glycolipids Allows cells to recognize each other |
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Phagocytosis |
Cell engulfs large solid particles |
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Pinocytosis |
Engulfs tubular fluid |
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Osmotic pressure |
Pressure due to nondiffusable solutes |
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Hydrostatic pressure |
Pressure exerted by fluid on a membrane/wall |
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Adherents junction |
Connect adjacent cells |
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Tight junctions |
Water proof |
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Desmosomes |
Welding |
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Hemidesmosomes |
Anchor cells |
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Gap junctions |
Connexion Communicate between cells |
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Thoracic cavity |
Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity Mediastinum |
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Transcription |
1st step In nucleus mRNA |
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Translation |
2nd step In cytoplasm, needs ribosomes tRNA |
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Endocytosis |
Material moves into cell via viscle |
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G1 |
Organelles and cytosolic components duplicate |
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S |
Replication of DNA centrosomes |
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G2 |
Replication of centrosomes is complete |
