Chapter 1 - 2

Front 1

Prefix

Back 1

Word part found at the beginning of a word. Usually indicates number, location, time, status.

Front 2

Root

Back 2

Word part that gives the essential meaning of the word. Cannot stand alone; suffix must be added to complete the term.

Front 3

Combining Vowel

Back 3

single vowel, usually an o, that is added to the end of the root to make the word easier to pronounce.

Front 4

Combining Form

Back 4

combination of the root and combining vowel

Front 5

Suffix

Back 5

word part found at the end of ta word. Usually indicates procedure, condition, disease, disorder.

Front 6

Pre-

Back 6

Means before

Front 7

Peri-

Back 7

means around

Front 8

Post-

Back 8

means after

Front 9

-scope

Back 9

an instrument used to visually examine

Front 10

-itits

Back 10

inflammation

Front 11

Gastr/o

Back 11

stomach

Front 12

enter/o

Back 12

small intestine

Front 13

Traumatic

Back 13

pertaining to the injury

Front 14

A-

Back 14

means without or no

Front 15

uria

Back 15

root word meaning urnination

Front 16

An-

Back 16

means without or no

Front 17

Ab-

Back 17

means away from Ex: abduction-to take away from the midline

Front 18

Ad-

Back 18

means towards Ex: adduction- to move towards the midline

Front 19

emetic

Back 19

pertaining to vomiting

Front 20

Anti-

Back 20

means against Ex: antiemetics - works against or to prevent vomiting

Front 21

Dys-

Back 21

means difficult, painful, or bad

Front 22

Eu-

Back 22

means good, easy or normal

Front 23

Endo -

Back 23

within or inside

Front 24

Ex or exo

Back 24

without, out of, outside or away from

Front 25

Ecto-

Back 25

means outside

Front 26

Hyper-

Back 26

elevated, higher, or more than normal

Front 27

Hypo-

Back 27

depressed, lower, or less than normal

Front 28

Inter-

Back 28

means between

Front 29

Intra -

Back 29

means within

Front 30

Poly -

Back 30

means many or excessive

Front 31

Oligo -

Back 31

means scant or little

Front 32

Sub -

Back 32

means below, under or less

Front 33

Super -

Back 33

means above, beyond or excessive.

Front 34

Pan -

Back 34

meaning all

Front 35

leuk/o

Back 35

meaning white

Front 36

- penia

Back 36

deficiency or reduction in number

Front 37

- tomy

Back 37

cutting into or incision

Front 38

epi -

Back 38

upper

Front 39

extra -

Back 39

outside

Front 40

infra -

Back 40

below or beneath

Front 41

inter -

Back 41

between

Front 42

meta -

Back 42

beyond

Front 43

per-

Back 43

throughout

Front 44

trans -

Back 44

across

Front 45

ultra -

Back 45

above, increased or more than normal

Front 46

- stomy

Back 46

means a surgically created opening

Front 47

-ectomy

Back 47

surgical removal or excision

Front 48

cardi

Back 48

the heart

Front 49

ren

Back 49

the kiddney

Front 50

ovari

Back 50

ovary

Front 51

lumb

Back 51

the loin

Front 52

aliment

Back 52

the gastrointestinal tract

Front 53

laryng

Back 53

larynx

Front 54

uter

Back 54

uterus

Front 55

cutane

Back 55

skin

Front 56

nephro

Back 56

kidneys

Front 57

- pexy

Back 57

suture to stabilize

Front 58

- centesis

Back 58

surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas

Front 59

- gram

Back 59

record of

Front 60

- graph

Back 60

instrument that records

Front 61

- lysis

Back 61

separation or breakdown

Front 62

- therapy

Back 62

treatment

Front 63

-rrhagia

Back 63

bursting forth

Front 64

- rrhaphy

Back 64

to suture

Front 65

- rrhea

Back 65

flow, discharge

Front 66

- rrhexis

Back 66

rupture

Front 67

-algia / - dynia

Back 67

pain

Front 68

- ia

Back 68

state or condition

Front 69

-ion

Back 69

action or process

Front 70

-itis

Back 70

inflammation

Front 71

-ive

Back 71

preforms or tends

Front 72

-malacia

Back 72

abnormal softening

Front 73

-megaly

Back 73

enlargement

Front 74

-osis

Back 74

abnormal condition

Front 75

-pathy

Back 75

diseas

Front 76

-sclerosis

Back 76

abnormal hardening

Front 77

-um

Back 77

structure

Front 78

- us

Back 78

thing ex: tarsus - the joint

Front 79

cyan

Back 79

blue Ex: cyanosis - condition of blue discoloration

Front 80

Hepatoma

Back 80

A liver mass

Front 81

Hematoma

Back 81

A mass or a collection of blood

Front 82

Posterior

Back 82

Rear of the body

Front 83

Rostral

Back 83

Nose end of the head

Front 84

Cephalic

Back 84

Pertaining to the head

Front 85

Medial

Back 85

Towards the midline

Front 86

Lateral

Back 86

Away from the midline

Front 87

Superior

Back 87

Uppermost, above, towards the head

Front 88

Inferior

Back 88

Means lower most, below, towards the tail

Front 89

Proximal

Back 89

Nearest the midline

Front 90

Distal

Back 90

Farthest from the midline

Front 91

Superficial

Back 91

Means nearest the surface

Front 92

-oma

Back 92

A mass

Front 93

Deep

Back 93

Away from the surface

Front 94

Palmar

Back 94

The backside of the front paws.

Front 95

Plantar

Back 95

The backside of the back legs

Front 96

Midsagittal plane

Back 96

The plane that divides the body into right and left

Front 97

Median and midline

Back 97

The plane that divides the body into right and left

Front 98

Dorsal plane

Back 98

The plane that divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (belly)

Front 99

Sagittal plane

Back 99

Divides the body into unequal right and left parts

Front 100

Transverse plane

Back 100

The plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal

Front 101

Urethra

Back 101

Takes urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 102

Uterers

Back 102

Collects urine from the kidney and transport it to the urinary bladder

Front 103

Centesis

Back 103

Surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas

Front 104

Ventral

Back 104

The belly or underside

Front 105

Dorasal

Back 105

Refers to the back

Front 106

Cranial

Back 106

Means towards the head

Front 107

Caudal

Back 107

Towards the tail

Front 108

Anterior

Back 108

Front of the body

Front 109

Physiology

Back 109

the study of the body

Front 110

pathology

Back 110

the study of the nature, cause, and development of abnormal conditions

Front 111

pathophysiology

Back 111

the study of changes in function caused by diseas

Front 112

etilogy

Back 112

the study of disease

Front 113

-logist

Back 113

specialist

Front 114

arcade

Back 114

the term used to describe how teeth are arranged in the moth

Front 115

Lingual surface *arcade*

Back 115

the surface of the tooth that faces the tounge

Front 116

Maxillla *arcade*

Back 116

The upper portion of the jaw

Front 117

Mandible *arcade*

Back 117

The lower portion of the jaw

Front 118

palatal surface *arcade*

Back 118

the tooth surface that faces the tongue on the maxilla portion of the jaw

Front 119

Buccal surface *arcade*

Back 119

the portion of the tooth that faces the cheek on both the maxilla and the mandible portion of the jaw.

Front 120

Vestibular surface *arcade*

Back 120

another name for buccal surfaces. *the surfaces of the teeth closest to the cheek on the maxilla and mandible portion of the jaw. *

Front 121

Occlusal surfaces *arcade*

Back 121

surfaces of the teeth that meet when the animal chews.

Front 122

Labial Surface *arcade*

Back 122

surface of the teeth that face the lips.

Front 123

Mesial surface *arcade*

Back 123

the contact surface of a tooth that is closest to the midline of the arcade arch.

Front 124

Distal surface *arcade*

Back 124

the contact surface of a tooth that is furthest from the midline of the arcade arch.

Front 125

Cavity

Back 125

A hole or hallow space in the body

Front 126

Cranial cavity

Back 126

The hallow space that contains the brain in the skull.

Front 127

Spinal cavity

Back 127

The hallow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column.

Front 128

Thoracic Cavity

Back 128

The hallow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs, between the neck and diaphragm. * also called the chest cavity*

Front 129

Abdominal Cavity

Back 129

The hallow space that contains major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity. *commonly called the peritoneal cavity*

Front 130

Pelvic Cavity

Back 130

The hallow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems.

Front 131

Abdomen

Back 131

The portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis containing the abdominal cavity.

Front 132

Thorax

Back 132

The chest region located between the neck and the diaphragm.

Front 133

Groin

Back 133

The caudal region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh. *also known as the inguinal area*

Front 134

Membranes

Back 134

Thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity or divide a space or an organ.

Front 135

Peritoneum

Back 135

The membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and it covers some organs in this area.

Front 136

Parietal peritoneum

Back 136

the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Front 137

Visceral peritoneum

Back 137

is the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs.

Front 138

Unmilicus

Back 138

The pit in the abdominal wall marking where the umbilical cord entered the fetus. *also called the navel*

Front 139

Mesentery

Back 139

The layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity.

Front 140

Recumbent

Back 140

Laying down

Front 141

Dorsal Recumbency

Back 141

lying on the back *supine*

Front 142

Ventral Recumbency

Back 142

lying on the belly *prone*

Front 143

Sternal recumbency

Back 143

lying on the belly

Front 144

left lateral recumbency

Back 144

lying on the left side

Front 145

right lateral recumbency

Back 145

lying on the right side.

Front 146

Adduction

Back 146

movement towards the midline

Front 147

Abduction

Back 147

movement away from the midline

Front 148

Flexion

Back 148

Closure of a joint angle. (ex: think bending elbow or knee joint)

Front 149

Extension

Back 149

Straightening of a joint angle. (ex: think straightening a knee or elbow joint)

Front 150

Genetic Disorder

Back 150

A disease or condition caused by defective genes.

Front 151

Congenital

Back 151

Something that is present at birth

Front 152

Anomaly

Back 152

A deviation from what is regarded as normal.

Front 153

What are the four types of tissues?

Back 153

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.

Front 154

Epithelial tissue

Back 154

Covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements.

Front 155

Epithelial tissues are divided into the two sub categories :

Back 155

Mesothelium and Endothelium

Front 156

Connective tissue

Back 156

Adds support and structure to the body by holding organs in place and binding parts together.

Front 157

Adipose tissue

Back 157

Fat tissue

Front 158

Muscle tissue

Back 158

Special tissue with the ability to contract and relax.

Front 159

What three types of muscle exist in animals?

Back 159

skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

Front 160

Nervous tissue

Back 160

Contains cells with specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses.

Front 161

-trophy

Back 161

means formation, development, growth in size

Front 162

Anaplasia *cell*

Back 162

a change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other.

Front 163

Aplasia *cell*

Back 163

Lack of development

Front 164

Dysplasia *cell*

Back 164

abnormal growth or development

Front 165

Hyperplasia *cell*

Back 165

abnormal increase in the number of normal cells

Front 166

Hypoplasia*cell*

Back 166

incomplete or less than normal development

Front 167

Neoplasia *cell*

Back 167

abnormal new growth *usually lead to tumors*

Front 168

Benign tumor

Back 168

not recurring

Front 169

Malignant tumor

Back 169

tending to spread or be life threatening

Front 170

Astrophy

Back 170

decrease in size or complete wasting away of..

Front 171

Dystrophy

Back 171

Defective growth of....

Front 172

Hypertrophy

Back 172

increase in the size of...

Front 173

Glands

Back 173

Group of specialized cells that secrete material to be used elsewhere in thee body.

Front 174

Glands are divided into the two categories:

Back 174

Exocrine glands: secrete substances into ducts that lead to an organ or out of the body.

Endocrine glands: secrete substances directly into the bloodstream.

Front 175

Organ

Back 175

A part of the body that preforms a special function/s.