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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's in the integumentary system again?
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skin
nails hair sweat / oil glands |
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Functions of skin
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Protection
Insulation Cushioning Regulating heat loss Excretion Protein production Sensation |
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How does your skin protect you?
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The keratin does through kartinization or cornifcation
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Two words that describe the hypodermis
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fat layer`
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Why do we need a boundary (skin)?
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Keep in necessary things, exclude others... prevents DEHYDRATION
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What's the skin layer that's clear?
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The stratum lucidum
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What's an example of skin preventing dehydration?
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Burn victims lose body fluids
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Where can you find the stratum lucidum
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palms and soles
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why does sweat sting your eyes?
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cuz there's salts in there
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Your skin excretes stuff. what?
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urea, salts, water
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What kinda sensation does your skin do?
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Touch, pressure, temperature, and pain receptors
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Where's the basement membrane in skin?
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Between epidermis and dermis
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General structures of skin
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2 primary layers of the skin
Underlying layer |
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The two primary layers of the skin are often referred to as the ""
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"skin proper"
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What's another name for the hypodermis?
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subcutaneous layer
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what's papillae mean?
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little fingers or nipples
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hypo =
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under
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sub= u
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under
sub marine under ocean |
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sebaceous gland
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oil
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epi=
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over or above
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What kinda tissue is epidermis
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stratified squamous epithelium
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most epidermis cells are..
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keratinocytes (generic skin cells)
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keratinocytes
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generic skin cells
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What's dense irregular CT like?
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it's like plaid or something. it goes in all directions
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dense regular CT makes up
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tendons and ligaments
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Keratin:
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fibrous protein within the cells that toughens skin surface
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Keratin accumulates in & is most abundant in...
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superficial layers of epidermal cells
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what's it mean if epidermis doesn't have blood vessels?
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avascular
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how does the epidermis get nutrients and oxygen and stuff?
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diffusion from capillaries in underlying CT of dermis
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Dermis is combination of two tissue types
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Areolar and dense fibrous CT
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Upper portion of dermis is made of
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areolar or loose tissue
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lower portion of dermis is made of
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dense fibrous CT
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Dermis contains many important structures of skin like..
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Blood supply
Nerves, sensory receptors Anchoring for hairs Secretory glands (sweat and oil glands) |
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Blisters:
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fluid-filled thin-walled structures under or within the epidermis (commonly between dermis or epidermis) where tissue fluid accumulates
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Edema=
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unusual or excessive tissue fluid accumulation
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Subcutaneous layer or ___________
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hypodermis
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Subcutaneous:
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below the skin proper
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What kinda tissue is the hypodermis primarily?1
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adipose
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functions of hypodemris
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anchoring
cushioning insulation |
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How many layers does epidermis normally have
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four
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What are strata
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layers`
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from superficial to deep, name the epidermal layers
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stratum corneum
lucidum granulosum spinosum basale |
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whats the stratum corneum
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cornified layer
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what's the stratum lucidum
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lucid layer
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granulosum
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granular layer
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glycolipid-
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like a wood sealant
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desmosomes:
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adhesion structures
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spinosum
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spiny layer
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basale
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basal layer
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what's another name for stratum basale
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stratum germinativum
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root of stratum germinativum
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germinate
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the deepest layer of epidermis
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basale
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only epidermal layer to receive nutrients from underlying dermal CT
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basale
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what's the cell dividing or mitotic skin layer
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basale
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which layer of skin contains melanocytes
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basale
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pigment cells
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melanocytes
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stuff pigment cells make
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melanin
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melanocytes look like
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spiders
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melanocytes proccesses extend in between lower layer of generic skin cells or
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keratinocytes
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Melanin is dispersed throughout spider like _____________ and distributed to nearby ______________--
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processes and keratinocytes
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melanin is dispersed to
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keratinocytes in lower layers of the epidermis
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what skin marks are localized concentrations of melanin
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freckles and moles
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what promotes melanin production
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sunlight
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what's the body's normal protective response against sunlight
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tanning
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what is tanning
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increased production of melanin in sunlight dispersed to keratinocytes
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excessive sunlight exposure leads to
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loss of elasticity
depressed immune response skin cancer |
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what is skin cancer caused by
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damaged DNA
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most common form of cancer in US
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skin cancer
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how many cases of skin cancer in US diagnosed each year
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more than a million
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most deadly kind of cancer
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melanoma
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factors determining/affecting skin and hair color
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amount and kind of melanin in basal layer
low oxygen content of blood dietary sources jaundice emotional stimuli damage |
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what kind of melanin in basal layer makes brown or black
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eumelanin
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what kind of melanin makes reddish or yellow1
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pheomelanin
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whats a dietary source that can affect skin and hair color
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carotene
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whats carotene
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an orange yellow pigment
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where is cartone found
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orange, yellow, or leafy green veggies
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low oxygen content of blood makes a
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bluish skin color
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bluish skin color
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cyanosis
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emotional stimuli makes your skin change color, why?
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changes in vascularization like embarassment or blushing
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jaundice is caused by
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due to excess bile pigments from liver
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jaundice is often in what age group
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newborns
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why does your skin get damaged, like bruises and black and blue marks
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clotted blood in tissue spaces
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middle layers of epidermis, deep to superficial
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stratum spinosum
granulosum lucidum |
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what do you see in spinosum that's all spiny
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thin, spiny connections between keratinocytes
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why do you see thin, spiny connections in spinosum
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artifact of tissue preparation
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what's the purpose of the granules in the keratinocytes in the granulosum?
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provide water proofing and adhesion fibers/material between cells
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what is the clear layer in lucidum
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thin, dead or dying keratinocyte layer
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whats the outermost portion of the epidermis
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corneum
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how many cell layers thick is the corneum?
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25-35 cell layers thick
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what's the majority of the epidermis?
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corneum
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what's the corneum made of
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non-living, keratinized/cornified cells
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why are all the corneum's cells dead
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lack of oxygen and nutr5ients
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when do skin cells die
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when they get farther from the basal layer
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when cells produce and accumulate more keratin, what happens?
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toughened surface layers
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cells are continuously ____________ off
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sloughed off
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we get new skin every _________- days
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24-45 days
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how long does it take for cells to go from basal layer to the outermost layer of the stratum corneum (to replace all layers)
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24-45 days
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Dermis:
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supporting layer under epidermis
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Phagocytosis:
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cells that provide defense against invading bacteria (engulf, eat them)
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What give toughness and stretchability, respectively, in the dermis
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collagen and elastic fibers
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and why do we need our body temperature just right, again? it's a term.
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homeostasis
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what structures give Sensory function of dermis and what do they sense?
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numerous receptors, like touch, pain and temp
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Vasodilation:
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Blood vessels radiate heat to cool
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Vasoconstriction:
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blood vessels vasoconstrict to conserve heat
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what happens to the dermis when we age
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loss of elasticity and dermal/hypodermal adipose tissue leads to wrinkles and thinning of skin
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bedsores happen why?
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due to constriction of dermal vascularization
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two regions of dermis
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papillary region and reticular region
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dermal papillae:
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wavy indentations into the underside of the epidermis
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What's in the dermal papillae
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Capillary loops
Pain receptors Light touch receptors Basis for fingerprints |
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Another name for pain receptors
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free nerve endings
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What's the deepest dermal region
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reticular region
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what's the reticular region made up
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NOT reticular CT. IT's actually made of dense irregular CT.
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What's in the reticular region
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blood vessels
sweat/oil glands deep pressure and other touch sensory receptors |
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appendages/derivations of skin
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nails
hairs/hair follicles cutaneous (skin) glands- sweat & oil glands |
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Nails:
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Tough, scale- like epidermal derivative
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Can you see the nail root/nail matrix?
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nope.
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Nail root/________
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matrix
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Nail root/nail matrix:
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Site of active nail growth
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Where does the nail root come from
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stratum basale
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what's the body of the nail
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nail plate
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Nail plate:
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Main, growing hard portion of nail
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What does the nail plate (body) become?
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keratinized (non living)
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What part of your nail do you trim?
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the nail plate
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What's under the nail plate/body
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nail bed
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what skin layer's the nail bed in?
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basale
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White crescent at base of nail
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lunula
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pink color under nail due to........
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dermal vascularization under nail bed
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If an EMT checks nails to see if their blue... why does he doe that?
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to see if the person needs oxygen something fierce
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what's another name for bluish under your nails?
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cyanotic
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Way of remembering the positions of nail bed and body
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Body relaxes on bed
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