Chapt. 6

Front 1

OSTEOLOGY

Back 1

STUDY OF BONE

Front 2

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Back 2

BONES,CARTILAGE,LIGAMENTS

Front 3

CARTILAGE

Back 3

FORERUNNER OF MOST BONES

Front 4

LIGAMENTS

Back 4

HOLD BONES TOGETHER AT JOINTS

Front 5

TENDONS

Back 5

ATTACH MUSCLE TO BONE

Front 6

MINERALIZATION/CALCIFICATION

Back 6

HARDENING OF BONE

Front 7

BONE (OSSEOUS TISSUE)

Back 7

connective tissue with the matrix
hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals

Front 8

(FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON) Support

Back 8

hold the body up, supports muscles, mandible

and maxilla support teeth

Front 9

(FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON) PROTECTION

Back 9

brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs

Front 10

(FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON) MOVEMENT

Back 10

limb movements, breathing, action of muscle
on bone

Front 11

(FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON) electrolyte balance

Back 11

calcium and phosphate ions

Front 12

(FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON) acid-base balance

Back 12

buffers blood against excessive pH
changes

Front 13

(FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON) blood formation

Back 13

red bone marrow is the chief producer
of blood cells

Front 14

SHAPES OF BONES

Back 14

LONG- FEMUR

SHORT- TALUS

FLAT- STERNUM

IRREGULAR- SPHENOID

Front 15

BONE MARKINGS

Back 15

Bulges, depressions, and holes

1) Sites of attachment for muscles,
ligaments, and tendons

2) Joint surfaces
3) Conduits for blood vessels and nerves

Front 16

BONE MARKINGS: PROJECTIONS

(site of muscle and ligament attachments)

Back 16

Tuberosity—rounded projection
– Crest—narrow, prominent ridge
– Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface
– Line—narrow ridge of bone
– Tubercle—small rounded projection
– Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle
– Spine—sharp, slender projection
– Process—any bony prominence

Front 17

BONE MARKINGS: FACET

Back 17

SMOOTH, NEARLY FLAT SURFACE

Front 18

BONE MARKINGS: HEAD

Back 18

BONY EXPANSION, CARRIED BY NARROW NECK

Front 19

BONE MARKINGS: CONDYLE

Back 19

ROUNDED ARTICULAR PROJECTION

Front 20

BONE MARKINGS: RAMUS

Back 20

ARM LIKE BAR

Front 21

BONE MARKINGS: DEPRESSIONS & OPENINGS

meatus

Back 21

canal like passageway

Front 22

BONE MARKINGS: DEPRESSIONS & OPENINGS

sinus

Back 22

cavity within a bone

Front 23

BONE MARKINGS: DEPRESSIONS & OPENINGS

fossa

Back 23

shallow, basin like depression

Front 24

BONE MARKINGS: DEPRESSIONS & OPENINGS

groove

Back 24

furrow

Front 25

BONE MARKINGS: DEPRESSIONS & OPENINGS

fissure

Back 25

narrow, slit like opening

Front 26

BONE MARKINGS: DEPRESSIONS & OPENINGS

foramen

Back 26

round or oval opening through a bone

Front 27

FLAT BONE

Back 27

Both spongy and compact

Front 28

DIPLOE

Back 28

Spongy layer in cranium

Front 29

FOUR TYPES OF BONE CELLS

Back 29

Osteogenic cells (stem cells), osteoblasts (matrix), osteoclasts (mature bone cells), osteocytes (bone resorbing cell)

Front 30

OSTEOPOROSIS

Back 30

Most common bone disease

Bones lose mass

Front 31

FRACTURE TREATMENTS

Back 31

Closed- no surgery

Open- plates, screws, pins

Cast

Traction- bed confinement

Orthopedics- deals with prevention/correction of bones/joints etc.

Front 32

HEALING OF A FRACTURE

Back 32

A hematoma forms.

Fibrocartilaginous callus forms.
Bony callus forms.

Bone remodeling occurs.

Front 33

FRACTURE TYPES

Back 33

Stress fracture- break by trauma to bone

Pathological fracture- disease caused break

Front 34

FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS

Back 34

Direction of?

multiple pieces?

break in the skin?

Front 35

Hypercalcimia

Back 35

an excess of blood calcium
leads to depression of nervous system
muscle weakness
emotional upset
cardiac arrest

Front 36

Hypocalcimia

Back 36

Deficiency of blood calcium
leads to tetany and spasms of
muscle
carpopedal spasm
Laryngospasm
death

Front 37

Bone marrow

Back 37

soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of
a long bone and small spaces amid the
trabeculae of spongy bone

Front 38

red marrow (myeloid tissue)

Back 38

-in nearly every bone in a child
- hemopoietic tissue - produces
blood cells
– in adults, found in skull, vertebrae,
ribs, sternum, part of pelvic girdle,
and proximal heads of humerus
and femur

Front 39

yellow marrow found in adults

Back 39

-most red marrow turns into fatty
yellow marrow
– no longer produces blood

Front 40

ossification or osteogenesis

Back 40

formation of bone

Front 41

in the human fetus and infant, bone
develops by two methods

Back 41

-intramembranous ossification
– endochondral ossification

Front 42

Endo & Chondral

Back 42

Endo=within
Chondral=cartilage