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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Precision |
Closeness of measurements within a set of data |
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Scientific Notation |
Simplest way to write and keep track of very large or very small numbers without having to deal with a lot of zeros |
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Counted, defined, measured |
Kinds of numbers encountered in chemistry |
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Accuracy |
How close a measurement is to the true or accepted value |
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Counted items |
Expressed as whole numbers |
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Defined relations |
Exact numbers but not always whole number. These numbers come from definition |
Ex. 12 inches per foot, 2.54 cm in one inch |
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Measured numbers |
Those that are obtained from reading measuring devices; never exact |
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Significant figures or significant digits |
All digits that are part of the measurement |
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International System of Units (SI) |
Provides additional and more accurate units of measurement |
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Exa, peta, tera, giga, mega, kilo, hecto, deka, deci, centi, milli, micro, nano, pico, femto, atto |
Prefixes and multipliers of meter |
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Dimensional analysis or factor units method |
Helps identify errors in calculation |
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Mass |
Fixed quality that is independent of the object's location |
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Weight |
Pull of gravity on an object and depends on the object's location |
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Weighing balances |
Used to measure the mass of an object |
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Graduated Cylinder |
Commonly used instrument to measure the volume of a liquid |
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Meniscus |
Curvature seen when measuring liquids at a glass container |
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Density (intrinsic property) |
Material's mass per unit of volume it occupies. |
P= m/V |
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Specific gravity |
Dimentionless quantity that refers to the ratio of the density of liquid or solid |
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Temperature |
Measure of hotness or coldness of matter |
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Heat |
Total energy that results fron the molecular motion inside an object |
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Systematic/ determinate, random/indeterminate, and gross errors |
Three main types of errors |
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Systematic error |
Those that can be attributed to definite causes; can affect the accuracy of the results |
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Operative, method, instrumental errors |
Classification of systematic error |
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Operative error/ personal error |
Caused by the incompetence of the experimenter |
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Method errors |
Caused by non-ideal chemical or physical behavior of the reaction system |
Ex. When impurities are present in the sample being tested |
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Instrumental errors |
Caused by the imperfections of the measuring device |
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Random errors |
Inherent to the measuring apparatus |
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Gross errors |
Those that are severe enough that the measurement or entire analysis has to be repeated |
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