Chap 1 Vocab

Front 1

Hindsight bias

Back 1

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have for seen it.(also known as the I knew it all along phenomenon)

Front 2

Critical Thinking

Back 2

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examined assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

Front 3

Theory

Back 3

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organized and predicts observations

Front 4

Hypothesis

Back 4

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Front 5

Operational Definition

Back 5

A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures

Front 6

Replication

Back 6

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

Front 7

Case Study

Back 7

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing principles

Front 8

Survey

Back 8

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or beguiles of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them

Front 9

False Consensus Effect

Back 9

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share out belief and behaviors

Front 10

Population

Back 10

All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study. Note: except for national studies , this does not refer to a country's whole pop

Front 11

Random Samplenati

Back 11

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Front 12

Naturalistic Observation

Back 12

The principal that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Front 13

Correlation

Back 13

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

Front 14

Scatterplot

Back 14

A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of 2 variables. The slope of points suggests the direction of the direction of the relationships between the 2 variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength if the correlation

Front 15

Illusory Correlation

Back 15

The perception of a relationship where none exists

Front 16

Experiment

Back 16

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors

Front 17

Experiment

Back 17

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control other relevant factors

Front 18

Double blind procedure

Back 18

An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant(blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo

Front 19

Placebo effect

Back 19

Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent

Front 20

Experimental condition

Back 20

The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to 1 version of the independent variable

Front 21

Control Condition

Back 21

The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

Front 22

Random Assignment

Back 22

Assigning participants to experimental and cont