Ch.8 Motivation Adn Emotion - Psychology

Front 1

Define Motivation.

Back 1

Biological, emotional, cognitive, or social forces that activate/direct behavior within you.

Front 2

What are the 3 major characteristics of motivation?

Back 2

1-Activation (initation of behavior)

2-Persistance (continued efforts to achieve a goal)

3-Intensity (vigor of responding with behavior)

Front 3

What is motivation closely tied with?

Back 3

Emotional processes, vice versa.

Front 4

What are the 5 major theories of motivation?

Back 4

1-Instinct
2-Drive
3-Incentive
4-Arousal
5-Humanistic

Front 5

Explain the Instinct Theory of Motivation and what is it's limitation.

Back 5

-Says certain behaviors are inborn and are due to evolutionary programming.
-Limitation is that they merely describe/label behaviors and do not explain them.

Front 6

What are some human instincts?

Back 6

-Fear
-Disgust
-Play
-Hunting
-Anger
-Love

Front 7

Explain the Drive Theory of Motivation and its limitations.

Back 7

-Says behavior is motivated by desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs (hunger/thirst)
-Limitations are people engage in behaviors that are not a reflection of an internal drive (ex. eat when you are not hungry)

Front 8

Explain the Incentive theory of motivation and its limitations.

Back 8

-Says bahvior is motivated by pull of external goals (rewards)
-Limitations are that many behaviors are not motivated by any external incentives (sometimes we just do things to do them)

Front 9

Explain the Arousal theory of motivation and its limitations.

Back 9

-Says people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal neither too high/too low.
-Limitations are that the optimial level or arousal varies from person/person time/time situation/situation.

Front 10

Explain the Humanistiv theory of motivation and its limitations.

Back 10

-Says importance of psychological and cognitive factors (people are motivated to realize their full potential)
-IDK

Front 11

Define Drive.

Back 11

-Drive is a need or internal motivational state that triggers behavior to reduce need to achieve homeostasis.

Front 12

What is the concept of Drive and how is it related to Homeostatis?

Back 12

-Drive need are aid to push us to maintain homeostatis by behaving in certain ways to reduce this drive.

Front 13

What are sensation seekers and what are the characteristics of a sensation seeker.

Back 13

-People who are motivated to experience high levels of sensory and physical arousal associated with certain activties.
-Seek out varied, novel, and unique sensory experience because they find the high levels of arousal pleasurable.

Front 14

What motivational factors influence our eating behavior?

Back 14

A compley interaction of biological, social, and psychological factors.

Front 15

Define Glucose.

Back 15

Blood sugar that is the main source of energy for all mammals.

Front 16

Define Insulin.

Back 16

Hormone that regulates blood levels of glucose. This mantains a stable body weight.

Front 17

Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).

Back 17

When the body is at rest the rate at which it uses energy for vital functions.

Front 18

Define Adipose Tissue.

Back 18

Body fat that is the main source of stored energy.

Front 19

What is energy homeostais?

Back 19

Long term matching of food intake with energy usage.

Front 20

Define Ghrelin.

Back 20

Hormone that stimulates appeitte.

Front 21

Explain the Set Point Theory.

Back 21

-Body has optimal body weight that the body defends from becoming higher/lower by regulating feelings of hunger.

Front 22

What causes obesity?

Back 22

-Too little sleep
-Highly patatable food (yummy)
-Supersize it
-Cafeteria Diet
-BMR
-Genetics
-Leptin Resistence
-Weight cycling (yo-yo)

Front 23

What two disorder disrupt normal eating behavior?

Back 23

-Anorexia
-Bulimia

Front 24

What is the one big difference between anorexia and bulimia?

Back 24

Bulimics stay within a normal body weight/may be slightly overweight and they usually recognize that they have an eating disorder.

Front 25

What are the 4 stages of human sexual respone?

Back 25

1-Excitement (caused by sexually arousing stimuli, contact, etc)

2-Plateau (physical arousal builds)

3-Orgasm (blood pressure and heartrate peak)

4-Resolution (arousal subsides)

Front 26

What may cause sexual orientation?

Back 26

-genetics
-brain structure
-cross gender play as a child (homosexual)
-sexual orientation develops at an early stage

Front 27

Homosexuality is not due to....

Back 27

---unpleasant early gay experience or result of an abnormal relationship with parents

Front 28

What are sexual behaviors in adults characterized by?

Back 28

-mosts adults are married by 30
-young adults have more sexual partners nowadays
-married people have more sex
-vaginal intercourse is preferred.

Front 29

What are some sexual disfunctions in women?

Back 29

-Low sexual desire/arousal
-Female orgasmix disorder, constant inability to orgasm

Front 30

What are some sexual disfunctions in men?

Back 30

-Premature ejaculation
-Male erectile disorder

Front 31

What are the 5 stages of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Back 31

1-Self actualization (full potential)

2-Esteem Needs (feelings of accomplishment

3-Belonging ness and love need (friends and intimate relationships)

4-Saftey needs (security and saftey)

5-Physiological Needs (food , shelter, water, etc.)

Front 32

What is the Self Determination Theory?

Back 32

Deci and Ryan's theory that says optimal human functioning can occur only when the psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are met.

Front 33

What are the 3 stages of the Self Determination Theory?

Back 33

1-Automony (need to determine, control, and organize ones goals and behaviors for harmony)

2-Competence (need to learn/master tasks)

3-Relatedness (need to feel attached to others)

Front 34

Define the Intrisic motivation.

Back 34

Desire to engage in tasks that the person finds challanging/enjoyable for its own sake.

Front 35

Define the Extrinsic motivation.

Back 35

External influences on behavior (rewards, consequences, etc)

Front 36

Explain Competence motivation.

Back 36

displayed when a person strives to use his skills to have control a situation.

Front 37

Explain Achievement motivation.

Back 37

Desire to direct one's behavior towards succeeding at a task.

Front 38

Define Emotion.

Back 38

psychological state that involves subjective experience, phsycological response, and a behavioral/expressive response.

Front 39

What are the 3 compents of Emotion?

Back 39

1-Subjective experience
2-Physiological Experience
3-Behavioral/Expressive experience.

Front 40

What are some functions of emotion?

Back 40

-trigger motivated behavior
-descion making
-purposeful behavior
-setting goals.

Front 41

What are Basic Emotions?

Back 41

Most fundamental set of emotion cateories that are inborn, and culturally universal.

Front 42

What are sthe basic emotions?

Back 42

-fear
-surprise
-disgust
-happiness
-anger
-sadness

Front 43

Explain Display rules.

Back 43

Social and cultural regulations governing emotional expression (facial)

Front 44

What are the 3 major theories of emotion?

Back 44

1-James-Lange Theory of Emotion

2-Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

3-Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion.

Front 45

Explain the James-Lange Theory of Emotion.

Back 45

-The theory that emotions arise from the perception of body changes.

-Says we dont tremble because we're scared, we're scared because we tremble.

Front 46

Explain the Two-Factor of Emotion.

Back 46

-Says emotion is the interaction of physcological arousal plus a cognitive label and appraisal is a trigger for emotional responses.

Front 47

Explain the Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion.

Back 47

Says emotions result from cognitive appraisal of a situation's effect on a person's well being.