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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RNA
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RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life.
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Messenger RNA
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Messenger RNA is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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Ribosomal RNA
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Ribolsomal RNA is the RNA component of the ribose, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.
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Transfer RNA |
transfer RNA serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Transcription
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transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language.
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Translation (protein synthesis) |
translation is the process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein.
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RNA polymerase
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RNA polymerase is an enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence, duyring the process of transcription.
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Exon
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An exon is any part of a gene that will become a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
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Polypeptide
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a polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
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Genetic code
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a genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in general material
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Codon
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codon is a group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein
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Anticodon
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anticodon is a group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases of mRNA
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how is DNA different from RNA?
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Having four diffrent nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. RNA is a polymer with a ribose and phosphate backbone. Four diffrent nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
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how does the cell make RNA? |
A portion of the double helix unwinds, exposing a sequence of genetic information. Then the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the exposed bases. It travils along one strand, pairing complementary bases and attaching them to build a strand of RNA. RNA contians four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
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how is the genetic code read?
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The genetic code consists of 64 triplets of nucleotides witch are called codons.With three exceptions, each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino acids used in the synthesis of proteins. That produces some redundancy in the code: most of the amino acids being encoded by more than one codon
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What role does the ribosome play in assembling proteins?
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ribosomal RNA associates with a set of protein to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protien chains. They also bind tRNAs and various aditional molecules necessary for RNA synthesis.
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what is the "central dogma" of molecular biology?
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it works with the detailed residue-by-residue transfer of sequential information. It states that such information cannot be transferred back from protein to either protein or nucleic acid
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