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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Origin
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end of muscle where tendon attached to bone
doesn't move very much |
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Insertion
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attachment of the muscles other tendon to the movable bone.
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Belly (gaster)
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body
fleshy portion of the muscle btwn. the tendons |
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Level System
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In producing movement, bones act as levers, and joints function as fulcrums of these levers.
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Lever
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A rigid structure
moves about (around) a fixed point |
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Fulcrum
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The pivot point
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Resistance (r) or weight (wt)
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overcome by force or effort supplied by the muscle
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Effort or force
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Supplied by muscle to overcome the weight or resistance
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First class lever
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E-Ful-R (seesaw)
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Occurrence in First Class Lever
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not common in body
may or may not be advantageous |
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Second Class Lever
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Ful-R-E
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Occurrence in Second Class Lever
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not common in body
always advantageous |
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Third Class Lever
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Ful-E-R
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Occurrence in Third Class Lever
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not common in body
always advantageous same as 2nd class lever |
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Mneumonic
First Class Lever |
fulcrum in center
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Mneumonic
Second Class Lever |
Resistance in center
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Mneumonic
Third Class Lever |
Effort in center
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Parallel
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Fasciculi parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle
Flat tendon Quadrilateral shape |
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Fusiform
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Modified parallel - muscle tapers
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Convergent (triangular)
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Broad origin coming to a point
Muscle has basic "D" or triangular shape |
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Pennate
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Fascululi short compared to length of muscle
Tendon extends length of muscle Fasciculi at oblique angle to tendon |
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Unipennate
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Fascicles arranged on only one side of tendon
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Bipennate
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Fascicles are arranged on both sides of centrally located positioned tendons
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Multipennate
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Fascicles attached obliquely from many directions to several tendons
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Circular
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Fascicles in concentric arrangments from sphinter muscles that enclose an orifice (opening)
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Antagonistic muscles
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stretches and yields to the effect of the prime mover
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Prime mover (agonist)
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contract to cause an action
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Antagonist
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it's against the agonist
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No.
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Is the triceps brachii always considered to be an antagonistic muscle?
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Synergists
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muscles that assists other muscles. "helper" "work together"
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synergists
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extensors of forearm act as ______ with flexor muscles of the fingers (prime movers) when making a fist.
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Fixators
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stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently
steady proximal end while distal end is moving |
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Fixator (example)
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Muscles such as the pectoralis minor, trapezius, rhomboids, and others that stabilize or "fix" the scapula so the that the deltoid can move more efficiently abduct the arm
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