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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of spectrum are Fluoroquinoles? |
Broad-spectrum |
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Mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin? Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal? |
Inhibits Dna gyrase & topoisomerase IV which are both needed for DNA replication , so now it can not take place Bacteriocidal |
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Effective against what organisms?? |
Aerobic gram-negative & some gram-positive. |
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How does bacteria acquire resistance to this drug? |
Alterations in DNA gyrase & topoisomerase IV, & increased drug export. |
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What routes can it be administered? |
PO or IV |
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Therapeutic uses? |
Infections of the respiratory tract, UTI, GI tract, bones, joints, skin and soft tissues. Prevent anthrax |
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Generally avoided in pt.'s what age? What are the 2 approved pediatric uses? |
Children under 18 years old (1) complicated UTI caused by e.coli, (2) post exposure treatment of inhalation anthrax |
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Adverse effects? |
GI reactions (dizzy,nausea,vomitting), CNS (dizzy, restless, confusion) Candida (infections of vagina or pharynx), tendon rupture (Achilles tendon, 60 yrs high risk or if taking glucocorticoids or if you have undergone hear, lung or kidney transplant), phototoxicity (severe burn, burning sensation redness, rash), increase risk if CDI (C.diff) |
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May exacerbate muscle weakness in pt.'s with what? |
myasthenia gravis
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What cationic compounds does it interact with & what does it cause? What do you educate the pt. about this? |
Aluminum or magnesium antacids, iron salts, zinc salts, sucralfate, calcium supplements, milk & other dairy products. They reduce the absorption of Ciprofloxacin. Administer these 6 hrs before Ciprofloxacin or 2 hours after |
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Ciprofloxacin can increase the plasma drug levels of what drugs? |
Theophylline (asthma), Warfarin, and Tinidazole (antifungals) |
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Shoul it be administered with or without food? |
Does not matter |
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Metronidazole is used for what type of infections? |
For protozoal infections & by obligate anaerobes |
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Mechanism of action of Metronidiazole |
First taken up by cell ---> active form --> interacts with DNA --> strand breakage & loss of helical breakage --> inhibits nucleic acid synthesis --> DEATH |
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Is it active against C. Diff? |
Yes |
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Therapeutic uses? Used prophylactically for what? |
CNS infections, abdominal organs, bones & joints, skin & soft tissues and genitourinary tract. Surgeries (colorectal, abdominal, gynecological) |
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Used with what other 2 drugs to eradicate H. Pylori? |
Tetracycline & Bismuth subsalicylate |
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By what routes can it be administered? Is resistance a big problem? |
IV and oral No it is rare |
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Daptomycin is what class of antibiotic? Active against what type of bacteria? |
Cyclic Lipopeptides, Most gram-positive, even MSRA, but can not penetrate membrane of gram-negative |
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Mechanism of action? |
Inserts itself into the bacterial cell membrane, permits efflux of intracellular potassium which then inhibits synthesizes of DNA, RNA, proteins and causes cell death. |
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Therapeutic uses? |
Blood stream infection of Staph aureus & complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible strains of staph aureus, strep pyrogenes and streptococcus. |
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Drug is being tested for treatment of what? |
Endocarditis, vancomycin resistant enterococci |
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How is it metabolized & excreted? |
Minimal metabolism, becomes bound to protein & excreted in urine |
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Adverse effects? |
Constipation, nausea, diarrhea, injection-site reaction, headache, insomnia and rash. Small risk of myopathy( muscle injury) so monitor cpk levels weekly and report any muscle pain or weakness. Eosinophilic pneumonia ( WBC accumulate in lungs) |
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What drug increases its levels? What drug increases risk of myopathy? |
Tobramycin, and daptomycin decreases Tobramycin levels HMG-CoA reductase (Simvastatin) |
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Routes it can be administered? |
IV, slow 30 min infusion |
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Fluoroquinoles are contraindicated in pt.'s that have what? Use caution is what pt's? |
Myasthenia gravis. Pt.'s with renal impairment, 60 years and older, taking glucocorticoids, or undergone surgery of hear, liver or kidney transplant |
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Over how much time do you administer IV Fluoroquinoles? Dose should be reduced for pt.'s that have severe what? |
Slow over 60 min. Severe renal impairment |
