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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Animals produce endogenous circadian rhythms that last about a day. |
True |
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The dominant zeitgeber for land animals is light. |
True |
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Blind and deaf animals do not have circadian rhythms. |
False; they do and they must find other zeitgebers |
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The biological clock depends on part of the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus. |
True |
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Changes in EEG waves occur when neurons fire in synchrony. |
True |
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Dreams only occur during REM sleep. |
False
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The regular use of tranquilizers can result in insomnia. |
True |
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Narcolepsy is a condition characterized by frequent periods of sleepiness during the day.
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true
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In general, animals that have the most total sleep also have the highest percentage of REM sleep.
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true
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The activation–synthesis theory of dreams argues that dreams are the result of random brain activity.
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True
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If a migratory bird is kept in a laboratory room with constant temperature and 12 hours of light each day, when does it show migratory restlessness? |
sleep at approximately the correct time of year for migration |
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Circadian cycles are to ________ as circannual cycles are to ________. |
daily; yearly |
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Which of the following is most clearly under the control of a circadian rhythm in most animals? |
sleep |
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A human's body temperature over the course of 24 hours is usually highest: |
mid to late afternoon. |
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Mammals have circadian rhythms: |
for a variety of activities, including sleep. |
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What happens if people are put in an environment that is constantly light? |
They complain that they cannot sleep. |
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An astronaut orbiting earth experiences 45–minute periods of daylight alternating with 45–minutes of darkness. What is likely to happen? |
They sleep poorly during rest periods. |
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What happens if people live in an environment in which the cycle of light and dark is other than 24 hours? |
They adjust better if the cycle is close to 24 (e.g., 25). |
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Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to: |
expose them to bright lights while they work. |
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The surest way to disrupt the biological clock is to damage the: |
suprachiasmatic nucleus. |
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The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the: |
hypothalamus. |
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The role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the regulation of biological rhythms is to: |
generate the circadian rhythm. |
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The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, responsible for shifting the phase of the circadian rhythm, originates from: |
ganglion cells that are not connected to any cones or rods. |
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Slow–wave sleep is comprised of: |
stages 3 and 4. |
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EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because: |
neurons are becoming more synchronized.
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During REM sleep, the EEG shows: |
irregular, low–voltage fast waves.
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During sleep, what happens in the brain? |
increased firing by GABA neurons |
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PGO waves are associated with which of the following? |
REM sleep
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What are the dreamlike experiences at the onset of sleep that are difficult to distinguish from reality? |
hypnagogic hallucinations
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Loss of orexin–containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to: |
narcolepsy.
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According to the evolutionary perspective of sleep, the primary function of sleep is to: |
conserve energy.
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Research suggests that ________ sleep is most important for strengthening memories of motor skills. |
REM
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During dreaming, which of the following area or areas continue to be highly active? |
the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other emotional areas |
