Ch. 8.2 Political Geography - H.j. De Blij

Front 1

Capitalism

Back 1

Economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market, with the goal of achieving profit

Front 2

Commodification

Back 2

The process through which something is given monetary value. Commodification occurs when a good or idea that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that can be traded in a market economy.

Front 3

Core

Back 3

Processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology; generate more wealth than periphery processes in the world economy.

Front 4

Periphery

Back 4

Processes that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology; and generate less wealth than core processes in the world economy.

Front 5

Semi-Periphery

Back 5

Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring; places that are exploited by the core but in turn exploit the periphery.

Front 6

Ability

Back 6

In context of political power, the capacity of a state to influence other states or achieve its goals through diplomatic, economic, and militaristic means.

Front 7

Centripetal

Back 7

forces that tend to unify a country-such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences.

Front 8

Centrifugal

Back 8

forces that tend to divide a country-such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences

Front 9

Unitary

Back 9

A nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state

Front 10

Federal

Back 10

A political-territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state

Front 11

Devolution

Back 11

The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government

Front 12

Territorial Representation

Back 12

System wherein each representative is elected from a territorially defined district

Front 13

Reapportionment

Back 13

process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people

Front 14

Splitting

Back 14

in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts; as opposed to the result of majority-minority districts

Front 15

Majority-Minority Districts

Back 15

in the context of the term the representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority

Front 16

Gerrymandering

Back 16

redistricting for advantage, or the practice of dividing the areas into electoral districts to give one political an electoral majority in a large number of districts were concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districts as possible

Front 17

Boundary

Back 17

vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the air space above the surface