Ch 8 Muscle Tissue (Cn)

Front 1

Name the types of muscle

Back 1

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Front 2

The _________ is the connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber (cell). (innermost)

Back 2

Endomysium

Front 3

The __________ encircles a group of muscle fibers, forming a ____________. (middle)

Back 3

perimysium & fascile

Front 4

The __________ encircles all the the fasicles to form the complete muscle. (outermost)

Back 4

Epimysium

Front 5

A _______ is a cordlike extesion of 3 muscle linings (Endo, peri, and epimysium). It extends beyon the muscle tissue to connect the muscle to a bone or to other muscle

Back 5

Tendon

Front 6

A _____________ is a flat broad extension the the 3 muscle linings and serves the same function as a tendon

Back 6

Aponeurosis

Front 7

Define sarcolemma

Back 7

also known a plama membrane of the muscle cell, is highly invaginated by transverse tubules that permeate the cell

Front 8

Stiated muscle cells are ____________. The nuclei lie along the _________ of the cell.

Back 8

Mulitnucleated
periphery

Front 9

Define myofibrils

Back 9

A slender striated strand of muscle tissue. Myofibrils occur in groups of branching threads running parallel to the cellular long axis.

Front 10

Myofibrils consist of two types of filament, name them

Back 10

Myosin (thick filament)
Actin (thin filament)

Front 11

Actin contains two importand molecules that covers special binding sites, name them

Back 11

Troponin & Tropomyosin

Front 12

Myosin has a protruding head which is instrumental is what?

Back 12

It is the binding head that attaches to actin.
(forming cross bridges)

Front 13

______ binds to a myosin head and forms ________
(energy)

Back 13

ATP
ATP+Pi

Front 14

When ATP binds to the myosin head it is converted to __________

Back 14

ADP and Pi

Front 15

__________ exposes the binding sties on the actin filaments.

Back 15

Ca2+

Front 16

Ca2+ binds to the _________ molecule causing ____________ to expose positions on the actin filament for the attachment of myosin heads.

Back 16

Troponin
Tropomyosin

Front 17

__________ ________ between the myosin heads and actin filaments form.

Back 17

Cross bridges

Front 18

When the attachment sites on the ______ are exposed, the ___________ heads bind to the ______to form crossbridges

Back 18

Actin
myosin
actin

Front 19

________ and _____ are released and sliding motion of actin results.

Back 19

ADP
Pi

Front 20

______ causes the cross bridge to unbind

Back 20

ATP

Front 21

Without the addition of new ATP molecule, the cross bridge remain attached to the actin filaments. This is the cause of what?

Back 21

Rigor Mortis

Front 22

_________ or _________ separates the neuron from a muscle cell or another neuron

Back 22

Synapse or synaptic cleft

Front 23

Action potential generates the release of ______________

Back 23

acetycholine

Front 24

When an action potential of a neuron reaches the ______________ __________, the neuron sceretes the neurotransmitter________, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft

Back 24

neuromuscular junctiion
acetycholine (Ach)

Front 25

Action potential is generated on the _________ ____ ______ and throughout the __ ______.

Back 25

Motor end plate
T tubules.

Front 26

___________ on the motor end plate, a highly folded region of the sarcolemma, intiate and _________ _________.

Back 26

Receptors
action potential

Front 27

The actiion potential travels along the sarcolemma througout the ________ ________ of __________

Back 27

transverse
system
tubules (T tubuels)

Front 28

The _________ ____________ release _____. As a result of the AP troughout the T tubules

Back 28

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Ca2+

Front 29

The _______ released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to ________ molecules on the actin helix prompting _______ molecules to expose ________ sites for ______ crossbridge formation.

Back 29

Ca2+
Tropon
Tropomyosin
bindings
mysoin

Front 30

If __________ is available muscle contraction begins

Back 30

ATP

Front 31

Name the phases of muscle contraction

Back 31

Latent
Contraction
Relaxation
Refractory

Front 32

The latent period is the time for the release of_____.

Back 32

Ca2+

Front 33

The contraction period represents the time during actual _________ ____________

Back 33

muscle contraction

Front 34

The relaxation period is the time during which ___ is returned to the _________ ________ bye active transport.

Back 34

Ca2+
Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 35

The refactory period is the time immediatley following a stimulus during which the muscle fiber will ________ ___________ to a second stimulus.

Back 35

not responds

Front 36

A _______ ________ is the time required for the release of Ca+

Back 36

Latent Period

Front 37

The _________ ________ represents the time during actual muscle contraction

Back 37

Contraction Period

Front 38

The ________ _________ is the time during which Ca+ is returned to the __________ __________ by ___________ _________.

Back 38

Relaxation Period
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Active Transport

Front 39

The _________ __________ is the time immediately following a stimulus during which time the muscle fiber will not respond to a second stimulus.

Back 39

Refractory Period

Front 40

Name the factors that contribute to the strength and maximum duration of a muscle contraction

Back 40

1. Frequency of stimuli
2. Strength of stimulus
3. Length of muscle fiber contraction
4. Type of muscle & fiber type
5. Muscle tone & fatigue

Front 41

For muscle to contract ATP must be available name the source of ATP

Back 41

1. ATP from within the cell
2. ATP from creatine Phosphate
3. ATP from glucose within cell
4. ATP obtained from glucose and fatty acids obtained from blood.

Front 42

__________ __________ is the process by which ATP is obtained from energy-rich molecules/

Back 42

Cellular respiration

Front 43

In _________, glucose is broken down to _______ acid, and two ATP molecules are generated

Back 43

Glycolysis
Pyruvic

Front 44

Glycolysis is called and _________ process, because no ___ is used during the metabolic process.

Back 44

Anaerobic
O2

Front 45

In Anarerobic respiration, pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) is converted to _________ ________.

Back 45

Lactic Acid

Front 46

In anaerobic respiration ________ _________ accumulates and leads to muscle fatigue.

Back 46

lactic acid

Front 47

Fast-twitch fibers contract rapidly, fatigue rapidly, and are highly vascularized. TRUE or FALSE?

Back 47

FALSE

Front 48

In muscle contractions, the length of the muscle always shortens. TRUE or FALSE?

Back 48

FALSE
Isometric contractin

Front 49

The _______ ________ is the time immediately following a stimulus where the muscle will not respond to a second stimulus.

Back 49

refractory period