Ch. 7 Nutrition, Obesity & Eating Disorders

Front 1

Obesity

Back 1

Excessive accumulation of body fat

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Calorie

Back 2

A measure of food energy equivalent to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius

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Four main types of fats

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trans fats, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat

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Saturated fats-Found in foods derived from animal sources, dairy products and meats.

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Consumed in extreme moderation

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Monounsaturated fats- found in oils, and Polyunsaturated fats-Omega 6 fatty acids; corn,soybean & Omega 3 fatty acids-oils of coldwater fish, flax seeds.

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Healthful because they reduce cholesterol levels in the blood

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Trans-fats- formed hydrogen is added to the vegetable oil in a food product to give it a longer shelf-life and a desired taste and texture

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unhealthful and should in fact be avoided altogether

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Dietary cholesterol

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comes from animal fats and oils

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Serum Cholesterol

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Dietary cholesterol circulates in the blood, serum is the liquid part of the blood

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Three types of lipoproteins

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1.Low-density-carry cholestrol around the body for use by cells
2.Triglycerides-The chemical form in which most fat exists in food (linked to develop heart disease)
3.High-density lipoprotein- offer some protection against heart disease. Refered to as good cholesterol- It helps clear away cholesterol deposits from cell walls and carries them to the liver, where they are broken down and removed

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Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

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the minimum number of calories the body needs to maintain bodily functions while at rest

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Set-Point Hypothesis

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The idea that each person's body weight is genetically set within a given range, or set point, that the body works hard to maintain

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Leptin

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The weight-signaling hormone monitored by the hypothalamus as an index of body fat

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Adipocytes

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Collapsible body cells that store fat. Typically have 25 to 30 billion, obese people may have 200 billion or more

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Body mass index (BMI)

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A measure of obesity calculated by dividing body weight by the square of a person's height

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Male pattern obesity

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The "apple-shaped" body of men who carry excess weight around their upper body and abdomen

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Female pattern obesity

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The "pear-shaped" body of women who carry excess weight on their thighs and hips

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overweight

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body weight that exceeds the desirable weight for a person of a given height,age, and body shape.

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Weight cycling

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Repeated weight gains and losses through repeated dieting

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Restraint Theory

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the theory that heightened sensitivity to norms for body weight triggers a pattern of eating that vacillates between strict dieting and binge eating

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disinhibition

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Overeating triggered by an event, emotion, or behavior that causes a restrained eater to abondon his or her restraint.

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Anorexia Nervosa

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An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, a distorted body image, and, in females, amenorrhea

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Bulimia Nervosa

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An eating disorder characterized by alternating cycles of binge eating and purging through such techniques as vomiting or laxative abuse

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Exposure-response prevention

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A behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa that attempts to prevent purging (and therefore, reinforcement) following binge eating