Ch 6 7 8

Front 1

Recency Effect

Back 1

Tendency for people to recall words from the end of a list, better than from the middle of the list.

Front 2

Primacy Effect

Back 2

Tendency for people to recall words form the beginning of a list, better than the middle of the list.

Front 3

Proactive Interference

Back 3

Type of forgetting that occurs when older memory inhibits the retrieval of newer memory.

Front 4

Retroactive Interference

Back 4

Type of forgetting that occurs when newer memory inhibits the retrieval of older memory.

Front 5

Conditional Statements

Back 5

If sufficient statement exists, then necessary statement must have existed

If plants, then water (no plants without water)

If vegetables, then plants (no veg. without plants)

Front 6

Inductive Reasoning

Back 6

Reasoning from specific to general

Front 7

Deductive Reasoning

Back 7

Reasoning from general to specific

Front 8

Positive Reinforcement

Back 8

Adding something pleasant to increase likelihood

(give candy for correct answer)

Front 9

Negative Reinforcement

Back 9

Removing something unpleasant to increase likelihood

Front 10

Positive Punishment

Back 10

Adding something unpleasant to decrease behavior

Front 11

Negative Punishment

Back 11

Removal of something pleasant to decrease behavior

(Taking phone away from kid)

Front 12

Unconditioned Stimulus

Back 12

Naturally occuring

Front 13

Unconditioned Response

Back 13

Naturally evoked response

Front 14

Neutral Stimulus

Back 14

Doesn't typically evoke response. Becomes conditioned stimulus to produce conditioned response

(pen clicking before pizza)

Front 15

Conditioned Stimulus

Back 15

Planned Stimulus to caused response

(pen click)

Front 16

Conditioned Response

Back 16

Response to CS

(pizza)

Front 17

Excitory CR

Back 17

Positive response to CS

Front 18

Inhibitory CR

Back 18

lack of response to CS

Front 19

Stimulus Generalization

Back 19

Responding in a like fashion to similar stimuli

Front 20

Systematic Desensitization

(Counter Conditioning)

Back 20

Behavior therapy technique that uses a gradual, step by step process to replace fear/anxiety with an incomplete response to relaxation and positive emotion.

Front 21

Stimulus Discrimination

Back 21

CR only occurs in response to specific stimuli

Front 22

Taste Aversion

Back 22

Sight, smell, idea of food makes person sick

Front 23

Extinction

Back 23

Presenting CS without US, Cr will fade to extinction

Front 24

Spontaneous Recovery

Back 24

CR occurs during extinction

Front 25

Phases of Training

Back 25

Acquisition

Extinction

Extinction Bursts

Front 26

Acquisition

Back 26

Conditioning of response; Behavior will increase because its reinforced

Front 27

Extinction Bursts

Back 27

Temporary increase of behavior in absence of reinforcement

Front 28

Fixed Ratio

Back 28

Set number of response emitted before reward is given

Front 29

Variable Ratio

Back 29

Varying number of responses emitted to recieve reward

Strongest

Front 30

Fixed Interval

Back 30

Rewarded once per precise interval of time has passed

Front 31

Variable Interval

Back 31

Time interval varies between rewards;
Weakest

Front 32

Discrimination

Back 32

Distinguish among stimulus situation

Front 33

Generalization

Back 33

Emits same behavior in response to different but similar stimuli

(Divorced Parents)

Front 34

Explicit Memory

Back 34

Concious use of Memory

Front 35

Implicit Memory

Back 35

Stuff remembered that you didn't try to remember

Front 36

Chunking

Back 36

Grouping information into meaningful units (30 sec)

Front 37

Maintenance Rehearsal

Back 37

Repeating things in order to remember them

Front 38

Social Learning Therory

Back 38

BOBO Doll

After children watched lady hurt bobo doll, they naturally hurt doll when they saw it. Children that didn't see the video, didn't hurt the doll

Front 39

Algorithm

Back 39

Method of solving problem that always leads to correct answer

Front 40

Mental Set

Back 40

Tendency to habitually use methods of problem solving that have worked for you in the past

Front 41

Incubatio Period

Back 41

Period of not thinking about a problem, that helps you solve the problem

Front 42

Functional Fixedness

Back 42

Being able to see objects in their familiar roles

Front 43

Schema

Back 43

Mental idea, concept, or thought

Front 44

Procedural Memory

Back 44

Long-term memory for skills and behaviors

Front 45

Decay Theory

Back 45

Theory of forgetting that proposes that memory traces are not routinely activated in long terem memory, will degrade

(trying to remember teacher from 9 years ago)

Front 46

Elaborative Rehearsal

Back 46

Forming associations or links between information one is trying to learn and information already stored in long-term memory, so as to facilitate the transfer of this new information into long-term memory