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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autocrine Signals
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act on the same cells that release them
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paracrine signals
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acts on nearby, neighboring cells
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endocrine signals
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acts on distant cells and are carried by blood or fluid
-hormones |
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Neuroendocrine signals
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Exactly like endocrine signals except that the cell releases them as a neuron
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The hypothalamus
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Major center for production of neuroendocrines
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Gondadotropin-releasing-hormone
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Releases FSH(follicle stimulating hormone and LH(leuteninuzing hormone)
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Oxytocin
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Promotes reabsportion of water by the kidneys, reducing urine flow
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Adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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Stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids such as cortisol (also an endocrine)
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-
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Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine – also an endocrine.
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Thyroid gland
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• in the neck
• produces thyroxine under the direction of TSH from the pituitary gland • thyroxine is an endocrine • thyroxine is a transcription factor for many genes. It increases metabolic rate and heart reate. Promotes growth |
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CD4-T cells
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migrate back out to the site of infection and activate macrophages that present their specific antigen. These activated macrophages have heightened pro-inflammatory properties
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B cells
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produce antibodies, but must be activated to do so. Each type of B cell produces an antibody of different specificity.
-enormous destruction potential, so it must be activated in 2 ways |
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Neutrophils
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normally present in blood, not tissues, and are recruited in large numbers to sites of inflammation, where they phagocytose bacteria
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