Ch 45 Ap Bio

Front 1

adrenal gland

Back 1

Either of two small, dissimilarly shaped endocrine glands, one located above each kidney, consisting of the cortex, which secretes several steroid hormones, and the medulla, which secretes epinephrine.

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androgen

Back 2

A steroid hormone, such as testosterone or androsterone, that controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics, produced primarily by the testes

Front 3

calcitonin

Back 3

A peptide hormone, produced by the thyroid gland in humans, that lowers plasma calcium and phosphate levels and inhibit resorption of bone

Front 4

ecdysone

Back 4

A steroid hormone produced by insects and crustaceans that promotes growth and controls molting

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endocrine system

Back 5

the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions, help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity, and include especially the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, islets of Langerhans, ovaries, and testes

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endorphins

Back 6

Any of a group of peptide hormones that bind to opiate receptors and are found mainly in the brain. Endorphins reduce the sensation of pain and affect emotions

Front 7

epinephrine

Back 7

A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress, as from fear or injury. It initiates many bodily responses, including the stimulation of heart action and an increase in blood pressure, metabolic rate, and blood glucose concentration.

Front 8

estrogen

Back 8

Any of several steroid hormones produced chiefly by the ovaries and responsible for promoting estrus and the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

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follicle stimulating hormone

Back 9

A gonadotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovary and induces the formation of sperm in the testis

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glucagon

Back 10

A hormone produced by the pancreas that stimulates an increase in blood sugar levels, thus opposing the action of insulin

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growth hormone

Back 11

a vertebrate polypeptide hormone that is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and regulates growth

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insulin

Back 12

A polypeptide hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans and functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level

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io

Back 13

The part of the brain that lies below the thalamus, forming the major portion of the ventral region of the diencephalon and functioning to regulate bodily temperature, certain metabolic processes, and other autonomic activities

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islets of langerhans

Back 14

Irregular clusters of endocrine cells scattered throughout the tissue of the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon

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juvenile hormones

Back 15

A hormone in arthropod larvae that inhibits ecdysone, thereby preventing molting and the development of larvae into adults until its level drops

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luteinizing hormone

Back 16

A hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum in the female and the production of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testis in the male

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melanocyte stimulating hormone

Back 17

A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that regulates skin color in humans and other vertebrates by stimulating melanin synthesis in melanocytes and melanin granule dispersal in melanophores

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norepinephrine

Back 18

A substance, both a hormone and neurotransmitter, secreted by the adrenal medulla and the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system to cause vasoconstriction and increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and the sugar level of the blood

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parathyroid hormone

Back 19

A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body

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pineal gland

Back 20

A small, cone-shaped endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates that secretes the hormone melatonin

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pituitary gland

Back 21

A small oval endocrine gland attached to the base of the vertebrate brain and consisting of an anterior and a posterior lobe, the secretions of which control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation

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prolactin

Back 22

A pituitary hormone that stimulates and maintains the secretion of milk

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prostaglandins

Back 23

Any of a group of potent hormonelike substances that are produced in various mammalian tissues, are derived from arachidonic acid, and mediate a wide range of physiological functions, such as control of blood pressure, contraction of smooth muscle, and modulation of inflammation

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thyroid gland

Back 24

A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin

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thyroid stimulating hormone

Back 25

anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the function of the thyroid gland

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tropic hormone

Back 26

hormones that trigger the release of another hormone, used for communication and regulation of the endocrine system