Ch 40 Porth

Front 1

acid

Back 1

releases H

Front 2

base

Back 2

accepts H

Front 3

bodys most important acids and bases

Back 3

weak acid= H2CO3 which is derived from CO2

weak base= HCO3

Front 4

when an acid is added to water

Back 4

is dissociates to form H and conjugate anion

Front 5

strong acids dissociate

Back 5

completely

Front 6

PH is inversely related to

Back 6

H

Front 7

Acids are continuously generated by

Back 7

metabolic processes

Front 8

carbon dioxide in three forms

Back 8

disolved as gas

bicarbonate ion

carbaminohemoglobin

Front 9

CO2 combines with H2O to form

Back 9

H2CO3

this reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anyhdrase which is in RBC renal tubular cells and other tissues

Front 10

if we didn't have this enzyme

Back 10

reactions would be to slow to control acid base changes

Front 11

oxidation of a sulfur containing acid results in

Back 11

sulfuric acid

Front 12

oxidation of argentine and lysine produces

Back 12

hydrochloric acid

Front 13

oxidation of phosphorous containing AA makes

Back 13

phosphoric acid

Front 14

major source of base is the metabolism of aa such as

Back 14

aspartate and glutamate and organic anions

Front 15

plasma Ph can be determined using what equation

Back 15

henderson hasselbach

Front 16

body fluids is regulated by three ways

Back 16

chemical buffer systems

lungs

kidneys

Front 17

buffer system

Back 17

weak base and its conjugate acid or a weak acid and its conjugate base

Front 18

three major buffer systems

Back 18

bicarb (lungs)

proteins ( chemical buffer systems)

H/K exchange (kindeys)

Front 19

buffer systems can't correct

Back 19

long term

Front 20

bone buffering

Back 20

leads to demineralization and kidneys stones because of the excess CA

Front 21

ph is determined by the ratio of

Back 21

bicarb base to volatile carbonic acid

Front 22

concentration of metabolic acids and bicarbonate base is regulated by the

Back 22

kidney

Front 23

most powerful ECF buffer system

Back 23

bicarb buffer

Front 24

largest buffer system in body

Back 24

proteins

can be acids or bases

locared in cells

albumin and globulins are major ones

Front 25

K shifts are more pronounced in _______ _________ then in respiratory acidosis

Back 25

metabolic acidosis

Front 26

reap response is

Back 26

rapid but doesn't completely fix ph temp fix till metabolic steps in

Front 27

kidneys play three major roles in acid base balance

Back 27

excrete excess H

reabsorb HCO3

Produce new HCO3

Front 28

most of the H secretion and HCO3 reabsorption takes place in the

Back 28

proximal tubule

Front 29

urine ph is kept to

Back 29

4.5 because can't have too acidic

when H threatens to decrease ph its combines with buffers before excreted

Front 30

Hypokalemia is a stimulus for

Back 30

H secretion and HCO3 reabsorption

when K falls K moves from iCF to ECF and H moves from ECF to ICF

Front 31

Acidosis tend to increase

Back 31

H elimentation and decrease K elimination

Front 32

alkalosis tend to increase

Back 32

K elimination and decrease H eliminatation

Front 33

Aldosteron effect on H elimination

Back 33

act in collecting duct to simulate H secreiont while increasing NA reabsopbtion and K secretion

Front 34

Hyperaldosterism tend to decrease

Back 34

K levels and increase ph

hypo does opposite

Front 35

Anion gap

Back 35

diff b/w cation (NA) and sum of anions (Cl+ HCO3)

normally 8-16

Front 36

drugs can produce lactic acidosis by inhibiting mitochondria function

Back 36

metformin

AIDS drugs

Front 37

asprin and acidosis

Back 37

its converted to salicylic acid

cause hyperventilation and alkalosis

kidneys release HCO3 and K and Na making worse

give alkalization

Front 38

ingestion of ethylene glycol and methanol

Back 38

results in metabolic acidosis

causes "drunkess"

tachycardia and pulmonary edema

flank pain

Front 39

most common cause of chronic metabolis acidosis

Back 39

kidney disease

normally conserves HCO3 and gets rid of H but can't

Front 40

intenstinal secretion is high in

Back 40

HCO3 so loss of intestinal fluid can lead to acidosis

Front 41

breathing pattern in diabetic ketoacidosis

Back 41

kussmaul breathing

Front 42

milk alkali syndrome

Back 42

when consume a lot of CA and cause hypercalcemia and metabolic alkalosis

Front 43

dieuretics cause metabolic alkalosis because of the loss of

Back 43

H

Front 44

Hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis

Back 44

in hypokalemia the distal tubular reabsorption of K is accompanied by an increase in H secretion the secondary hyperaldosteronism in turn promotes reabsorption of NA and at the same time stimulates the secretion of H from cells in collecting duct