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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mineral nutrients
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Elements plants need that they get generally as ions from the soil
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essential nutrient
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nutrients needed for a plant to grow from a seed to a reproducing adult
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macronutrients
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An element, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen, required in large proportion for the normal growth and development of a plant.
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micronutrients
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A substance, such as a vitamin or mineral, that is essential in minute amounts for the proper growth and metabolism of a living organism.
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nodules
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A small knoblike outgrowth, as those found on the roots of many leguminous plants.
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bacteroids
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Any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.
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mycorrhizae
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The symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of certain plants, such as conifers, beeches, or orchids.
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ectomycorrhizae
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mycelium of mycorrhizae form a dense sheath around the plant root
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cation exchange
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A chemical process in which cations of like charge are exchanged equally between the roots and the surrounding soilto maintain the proper osmotic potential .
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nitrogen-fixing bacteria
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any bacteria that combines nitrogen with oxygen or hydrogen to create compounds that is usable by plants (e.g. ammonia, nitrates)
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nitrogen fixation
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The conversion by certain soil microorganisms, such as rhizobia, of atmospheric nitrogen into compounds that plants and other organisms can assimilate
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nitrogenase
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An enzyme of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia.
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topsoil
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The upper part of the soil.
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horizons
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A specific layer of soil or subsoil in a vertical cross section of land.
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loams
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Soil composed of a mixture of sand, clay, silt, and organic matter.
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humus
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A brown or black organic substance consisting of partially or wholly decayed vegetable or animal matter that provides nutrients for plants and increases the ability of soil to retain water.
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