Ch. 31 An Introduction To Animals

Front 1

Heterotrophs

Back 1

Obtain the chemical energy and carbon compounds they need from other organisms.

Front 2

Primary Producers

Back 2

An autotroph; a species that creates its own food trhough photosynthesis or from reduced inorganic compounds and that is a source of food for other species in its ecosystem.

Front 3

Consumers

Back 3

Organism that consumes food created by other organisms

Front 4

Animals

Back 4

A major lineage of eukaryotes. Typically have a complex, large, multicellular body, eat othe arganisms, and are mobile. Are a monophyletic group.

Front 5

Body Plan

Back 5

The basic architecture of an animal's body, including the number and arrangement of limbs, body segments, and major tissues. Early development is also studied.

Front 6

Tissue

Back 6

A group of similar cells that function as a unit, such as muscle tissue.

Front 7

Parazoans

Back 7

Literally "beside-animals"

Animals whose cells are not organized into distinct tissues (sponges)

Front 8

Eumetazoans

Back 8

Literally "truly-among-animals"

Animals whose cells are organized into distinct tissues. (all except sponges)

Front 9

Diploblasts

Back 9

Animals with 2 tissue layers in embryo: ectoderm + endoderm

Front 10

Germ Layers

Back 10

In animals, one of the 3 basic types of tissues of early embryonic development that give rise to all other tissues: endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm.

Front 11

Asymmetrical

Back 11

Having no planes of symmetry

Front 12

Radial Symmetry

Back 12

An animal body pattern in which there are at least 2 planes of symmetry. Typically, the body is cylindrical or disk shaped w/parts radiating from central hub.

Front 13

Cephalization

Back 13

Evolution of a head, or anterior region, where structures for feeding, sensing the environment, and processing info are concentrated

Front 14

Coelom

Back 14

An internal, usually fluid-filled, body cavity that forms within the mesoderm.

Front 15

Acoelomates

Back 15

Animals without body cavity (coelom)

Front 16

Coelomates

Back 16

Animals with body cavity (coelom)

Front 17

Pseudocoelom

Back 17

Literally "false-hollow"
The enclosed body cavity forms between the endoderm and mesoderm layers in embryo.

Front 18

Hydrostatic Skeleton

Back 18

A system of body support involving fluid-filled compartments that can change in shape but cannot easily be compressed.

Front 19

Bilateria

Back 19

Group of orgs that are bilaterally symmetric animals with three embryonic tissue layers

Front 20

Protostomes

Back 20

A monophyletic group ofanimals that has a coelom, is bilaterally symmetric, shares a pattern of embryological development, including spiral cleavage, formation of the mouth earlier than the anus, and formation of the coelom by splitting of a block of mesoderm. Includes arthropods, mollusks, and annelids.

Front 21

Deuterostomes

Back 21

A major lineage of animals that share a pattern of embryological development, including radial cleavage, formation of the anus earlier than the mouth, and formation of the coelom by pinching off of layers of mesoderm from the gut. Includes echinoderms and chordates.

Front 22

Cleavage

Back 22

a rapid series of mitotic divisions that occurs in the absence of growth. Divides the egg cytoplasm. Often results in a hollow ball of cells.

Front 23

Gastrulation

Back 23

A series of cell movements that results in the formation of tissue layers

Front 24

Sessile

Back 24

Permanently attatched to substrate; not capable of moving to another location

Front 25

Segmentation

Back 25

A body plan involving division of the body into many similar segments that bear similar structures as other, nearby segments

Front 26

Vertibrates

Back 26

Phylum defined by presence of a skull

Front 27

Invertibrates

Back 27

Paraphyletic group defined as animals that are not invertibrates

Front 28

Metamorphosis

Back 28

Literally "between-forms"

A change in form during development.

Front 29

Filter Feeding

Back 29

Capturing food by filtering out particles suspended in air or water

Front 30

Foot

Back 30

A muscular appendage of mollusks, used for movement and/or burrowing into sediment

Front 31

Siphons

Back 31

A tube-like appendage of many mollusks. Often used for feeding or propulsion.

Front 32

Gill

Back 32

Any organ in aquatic animals that exchanges gases and other dissolved substances between the bood and the surrounding water. Typically, a filamentous outgrowth of a body surface.

Front 33

Deposite Eater

Back 33

An organism that eats its way through substrate

Front 34

Herbivory

Back 34

Form of feeding that involves harvesting algae or plant tissue

Front 35

Viviparous

Back 35

Literally "live-bearing"
Give birth to live young

Front 36

Oviparous

Back 36

Literally "egg-bearing"
Species that deposite fertilized eggs.

Front 37

Ovoviparous

Back 37

Literally "egg-live-bearing"
Female retains eggs inside body during early development, but embryoes are nourished by yolk inside egg not nutrients transferred directly from mother.

Front 38

Pupa

Back 38

Metamorphosing insect that is enclosed in a protective case.

Front 39

Pupation

Back 39

A developmental stage of many insects, in which the body metamorphoses from the larval form to the adult form while enclosed in a protective case.

Front 40

Holometabolous Metamorphosis

Back 40

Literally "whole-change"

A type of metamorphosis in which animal completely changes form.

Front 41

Hemimetabolous Metamorphosis

Back 41

Literally "half-change"

Metamorphosis in which animal increases in size from one stage to the next but does not dramatically change body form.