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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is digestion? |
multi- step process of breaking down foods into absorbable components using mechanical and chemical means in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract |
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GI Tract |
Consists of mouth, esophagus , stomach, small& large intestines Accessory organs: pancreas, liver, gallbladder *break down food into smallest components, absorb nutrients, prevent microorganisms or other harmful compounds in food from entering tissues |
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Digestive process |
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Lumen |
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Mechanical Digestion |
chewing, grinding good to aid swallowing |
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Chemical Digestion |
digestive juices and enzymes break down food into absorbable nutrients |
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Peristalsis |
the forward, rhythmic motion that moves food through digestive system
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Segmentation |
"sloshing motion" mixes chyme with chemical secretions
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Pendular movement |
(constrictive wave) enhances nutrient absorption in small intestine |
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GI organs
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Mouth, pharynx & esophargus, stomach, small intestine, rectum |
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Saliva |
contains water, electrolytes, mucus and a few enzymes -softens, lubricates, dissolves food particles |
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Pharynx |
food mass moves into and swallows |
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Bolus |
Food mass
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Epiglottis |
closes off the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from lodging into the windpipe
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Esophagus |
propels food into the stomach
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LES |
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) - at bottom of esophagus relaxes and allows food into stomach
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Stomach |
churning mixes food with digestive juices for several hours
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Hydrochloric acid |
activates enzymes pepsin, enhances absorption of minerals, breaks down connective tissue of meat |
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Chyme |
semiliquid substance of partially digested food and digestive juices |
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Pyloric Sphincter |
located between the stomach and small intestine; allows about 1sp of chyme to enter the small intestine every 30 seconds |
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Small Intestine |
long, narrow, coiled three segments: duodenum, jejunum, ileum interior surface area tremendously increased by villi, microvilli, circular folds |
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Segmentation |
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Pendular Movement
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Villi/ microvilli
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Ileocecal sphincter
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prevents back flow fecal matter into ileum |
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Large intestine
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cecum, colon, rectum no digestive enzymes, chemical digestion done by bacteria |
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Bile
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helps digest fat |
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Liver |
largest gland in the body
-produces bile needed for fat digestion -metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protiens -stories nutrients -detoxifies alchol |
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Pancreas |
produces hormones: insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose
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Hormones/ enzymes |
Regulate digestion drive process of digestion |
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Heartburn/ GERD |
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Peptic Ulcers |
Disorders of the stomach: sore or erosion caused by drugs, alcohol, or bacteria |
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Gall Bladder Disease/ Gallstones |
small, hard, crystalline structures
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Celiac Disease |
Intestinal disorders: autoimmune, genetic disorder related to gluten consumption |
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Gluten intolerance |
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