Ch. 3 And Ch. 4 Test Flashcards

Front 1

John Punch

Back 1

(1640) One of three indentured servants contracted to a Virginia planter. Feeling overly exploited

Front 2

John Rolfe

Back 2

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export

Front 3

Virginia Company

Back 3

Group of merchants that received a charter to America. Was a joint-stock company. Founded Virginia.

Front 4

Indentured Servants

Back 4

Laborers who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time (usually 4-7 years) in exchange for a voyage to America.

Front 5

House of Burgesses

Back 5

The first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619

Front 6

Headright system

Back 6

Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.

Front 7

Duke of York

Back 7

King Charles the Second gave the colony to his brother (this name) who renamed it New York instead of New Netherlands/New Amsterdam

Front 8

Sir George Calvert

Back 8

(Lord Baltimore)

Front 9

Cecilius Calvert

Back 9

(Lord Baltimore) Founded Maryland

Front 10

Act of (Religious) Toleration

Back 10

(1649) Protestants outnumber Catholics in MD

Front 11

Puritans

Back 11

Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church

Front 12

Separatists

Back 12

Protestant sect in England wanting to leave and set up their own churches. They founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Front 13

William Bradford

Back 13

A Pilgrim

Front 14

John Winthrop

Back 14

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony

Front 15

City upon a hill

Back 15

name for Mass. Bay Colony coined by Winthrop to describe how their colony should serve as a model of excellence for future generations.

Front 16

Great Migration

Back 16

Period of time when more than 15

Front 17

Anne Hutchinson

Back 17

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony

Front 18

Montesquieu

Back 18

French political philosopher during the Enlightenment who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers

Front 19

Voltaire

Back 19

Wrote Philosophic Letters on the English & Treatise on Toleration. He admired the English freedom of the press

Front 20

Navigation Acts

Back 20

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry and smuggled because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

Front 21

The Great Awakening

Back 21

Powerful religious revival that swept over the colonies beginning in 1720's. Christian ministers (George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards) preached throughout colonies

Front 22

Mercantilism

Back 22

Theory that states that as a nation's trade grows

Front 23

John Wheelwright

Back 23

Brother in law of Anne Hutchinson

Front 24

Thomas Hooker

Back 24

Founded Connecticut. Thought that Massachusetts had too much power

Front 25

Roger Williams

Back 25

Founded Rhode Island for Separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

Front 26

Separation of Church and State

Back 26

The concept that religion and government should remain separate

Front 27

Primogenture

Back 27

The idea that the oldest son received land from his father

Front 28

Declension

Back 28

A "falling away from." Puritans of the seventeenth and eighteenth century were deeply concerned about the religious declension in the Massachusetts Bay.

Front 29

Halfway Covenant

Back 29

A Puritan church policy of 1662

Front 30

Perpetual Servitude

Back 30

Theory of slaves being owned by people for life

Front 31

William and Mary

Back 31

These people were the king and queen of England after the Glorious Revolution that recognized the supremacy of the English Parliament. They signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689

Front 32

Benjamin Franklin

Back 32

He celebrated a new American spirit in his writings. It signaled that Americans were beginning to view themselves differently from the way Great Britain viewed them.

Front 33

Enlightenment

Back 33

An intellectual movement that began in Europe during the 1700's. Spread the idea that knowledge

Front 34

Glorious Revolution

Back 34

Removal of King James from throne and replaces with his daughter Mary and her Netherlands husband William the Orange. Gave colonists a lot more rights (e.g. trial by jury) after Will & Mary signed the English Bill of Rights.

Front 35

Proprietary Colony

Back 35

(DE

Front 36

This type of colony was ruled by proprietors (individuals or groups to whom Britain had granted land). They were free to rule as they wished; appointed governor and members of the upper house of the legislature

Back 36

while colonists elected the lower house.

Front 37

Charter Colony

Back 37

(CT

Front 38

Established by people given a charter (a grant of rights/privileges). Elected own governor and legislature

Back 38

Britain had right to approve governor

Front 39

Royal (crown) Colony

Back 39

(GA

Front 40

Directly ruled by Britain. The king appointed a governor and council

Back 40

known as the upper house. The colony elected an assembly

Front 41

New Jersey

Back 41

Founded by Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret; the land was given to them by the Duke of York. Named after the island in the English Channel where Carteret was born. However

Front 42

Middle Passage

Back 42

The voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.

Front 43

Triangular Trade

Back 43

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s. Africa sent slaves to America

Front 44

John Smith

Back 44

Experienced sailor and explorer who helped Jamestown survive it's first 2 years by forcing people to grow crops. After he returned to England

Front 45

Rhode Island

Back 45

Charter colony founded by Roger Williams. The charter he received was for a piece of land called (insert this colony's name) and Providence Plantations. It became a safe place for dissenters

Front 46

Connecticut

Back 46

Charter colony founded by Thomas Hooker. He didn't like the way Winthrop and other Puritans led the colony

Front 47

Pennsylvania

Back 47

Proprietary colony founded by William Penn. He saw it as a "holy experiment"

Front 48

William Penn

Back 48

A Quaker

Front 49

Quakers

Back 49

A.K.A. the Society of Friends. This group believed everyone had an "inner light" to guide him/her to salvation

Front 50

Were pacifists

Back 50

people who refuse to use force or to fight in wars. Often fined

Front 51

Maryland

Back 51

Proprietary colony founded by Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert). It was originally given to his dad George Calvert

Front 52

Northern Carolina

Back 52

Settled mostly by farmers that grew tobacco and sold forest products (e.g. timber

Front 53

Southern Carolina

Back 53

Had fertile soil and good harbor at Charles Town. Settlements spread

Front 54

Eliza Lucas

Back 54

Developed the Carolina crop of indigo

Front 55

Great Wagon Road

Back 55

An old Iroquois trail that the settlers followed to the backcountry

Front 56

Breadbasket colonies

Back 56

the Middle colonies where called this because they exported so much grain

Front 57

Import

Back 57

When a country buys goods from foreign markets.

Front 58

Export

Back 58

When a country sells goods abroad.

Front 59

Cash crop

Back 59

A crop

Front 60

Mason-Dixon Line

Back 60

The boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland that divided the middle colonies from the southern colonies.

Front 61

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 61

Led by Nathaniel Bacon